<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biosel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Биотехнология и селекция растений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant Biotechnology and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-6266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6258</issn><publisher><publisher-name>VIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2658-6266-2021-1-o1</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biosel-115</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАЗВИТИЕ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ МЕТОДОВ СЕЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN BREEDING METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гравиметрический метод количественного определения растворимых β-глюканов в зерне овса</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A gravimetric method for the quantitative determination of soluble β-glucan content in oat grain</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3274-7662</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>190000, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, д. 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.popov@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6568-5248</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перчук</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perchuk</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>190000, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, д. 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2762-2777</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хорева</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khoreva</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>190000, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, д. 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>Принято в печать</issue-title><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>12</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Попов В.С., Перчук И.Н., Хорева В.И., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Попов В.С., Перчук И.Н., Хорева В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Popov V.S., Perchuk I.N., Khoreva V.I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/115">https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/115</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Овес посевной (Avena sativa L.) является одним из важнейших источников белка, масла, крахмала и пищевых волокон, в частности β-глюканов. Пищевые волокна служат источником питания для микрофлоры кишечника и существенно влияют не только на ее состав, но и на процессы нормального функционирования кишечника в целом. В связи с возросшим интересом к β-глюкану как компоненту пищи и биологически-активной добавке возникает необходимость в наличии удобного и недорогого метода определения содержания β-глюканов в зерне. В статье дается обзор существующих методов выделения и определения растворимых β-глюканов в злаковых: ферментативного, щелочного, щелочно-ферментативного, колориметрического; отмечены их достоинства и недостатки. Основными недостатками некоторых методов являются сложность и длительность выполнения, значительная стоимость используемых реагентов, отсутствие возможности определения точного содержания β-глюканов из-за недостаточной очистки их от различных примесей.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В данном исследовании на примере голозёрных и плёнчатых сортов овса рассмотрена возможность использования гравиметрического метода, разработанного на основе модифицированного нами щелочного метода. Измельченные зерна овса предварительно обрабатывали 50% раствором этанола для инактивации β-глюканазы и удаления свободных сахаров, части липидов, белков и других веществ. Высвобождение β-глюканов из алейронового слоя и эндосперма муки проводили 5% раствором NaOH и окончательную экстракцию осуществляли 70% раствором этилового спирта. β-глюканы всплывали на поверхность в виде сгустка волокон, который затем высушивали при температуре 100-102°С до постоянной массы и взвешивали. Содержание β-глюканов рассчитывали на сухую навеску (%). Выделенные β-глюканы исследовали на наличие сопутствующих веществ: содержание азотистых веществ определяли по методу Къельдаля, наличие крахмала определяли по качественной реакции с реактивом Люголя.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Содержание β-глюканов в зерне изученных образцов составило от 3,12±0,18% до 4,65±0,17% на сухой вес. В результате проведенного исследования были подобраны оптимальные условия выделения β-глюканов: установлены соотношения экстрагирующих смесей, режимы центрифугирования, осаждения и сушки. Показано, что данный метод позволяет выделять β-глюканы при минимальной примеси азотистых веществ (0,07-0,12%) и отсутствии следов крахмала. Одним из преимуществ описанного метода является его доступность для массового анализа при изучении коллекции зерновых культур.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Oat (Avena sativa L.) is one of the most important sources of protein, oil, starch and dietary fibers, in particular β-glucans. Dietary fiber serves as a source of nutrition for the intestinal microflora and significantly affects not only its composition, but also the normal functioning of the intestine as a whole. In connection with the increased interest in β-glucans as a food component and dietary supplement, there is a need in a convenient and inexpensive method for determination of β-glucans content in grain. The article provides an overview of the existing methods for the isolation and determination of soluble β-glucans in cereals: enzymatic, alkaline, alkaline-enzymatic, colorimetric; their advantages and disadvantages are noted. The main disadvantages of some methods are the complexity and duration of execution, significant cost of the required reagents, and the inability to determine the exact content of β-glucans due to their insufficient purification from various impurities.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. This study used the example of naked and covered oat cultivars to demonstrate applicability of the gravimetric method that we developed by modifying the alkaline method. Whole grain oat flour was pretreated with a 50% ethanol solution to inactivate β-glucanase and remove free sugars, some lipids, proteins, and other substances. β-glucans were released from the aleurone layer and the endosperm with a 5% sodium hydroxide solution, and finally extracted with a 70% ethanol solution. Β-glucans floated to the surface in the form of a bunch of fibers, which was then dried at a temperature about 100-102°C to constant weight and weighed. The content of β-glucans was calculated from the dry weight (%). The isolated β-glucans were checked for the presence of accompanying substances: the content of nitrogenous substances was determined by the Kjeldahl method, and the presence of starch was determined by a qualitative reaction with Lugolʼs reagent.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The content of β-glucans in the grain of the studied samples ranged from 3.12±0.18 up to 4.65±0.17% of the dry weight. As a result of the study, the optimal conditions of β-glucans isolation were selected: the extraction mixtures ratios, as well as the modes of centrifugation, sedimentation and drying were established. It has been shown that this method makes it possible to isolate β-glucans with a minimum impurity of nitrogenous substances (0.07-0.12%) and no traces of starch. One of the advantages of the described method is its availability for mass analysis when studying a collection of grain crops.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Avena sativa</kwd><kwd>некрахмальные полисахариды</kwd><kwd>щелочной метод</kwd><kwd>гравиметрический метод</kwd><kwd>голозёрный овёс</kwd><kwd>плёнчатый овёс</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Avena sativa</kwd><kwd>non-starch polysaccharides</kwd><kwd>alkaline method</kwd><kwd>gravimetric analysis</kwd><kwd>naked oat</kwd><kwd>covered oat</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bechtel D.B., Abecassis J., Shewry P.R, Evers A.D. Development, structure, and mechanical properties of the wheat grain. In: Shewry P. R., Khan K. (eds.) Wheat: chemistry and technology. 4th ed. American Association of Cereal Chemists (AACC), St. Paul. MN; 2009. p.51-95. DOI: 10.1016/B978-1-891127-55-7.50010-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bechtel D.B., Abecassis J., Shewry P.R, Evers A.D. Development, structure, and mechanical properties of the wheat grain. In: Shewry P. R., Khan K. (eds.) Wheat: chemistry and technology. 4th ed. American Association of Cereal Chemists (AACC), St. Paul. MN; 2009. p.51-95. DOI: 10.1016/B978-1-891127-55-7.50010-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blakeney A.B., Flinn P.C. Determination of non-starch polysaccharides in cereal grains with near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. 2005;49(6):546-550. DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200500038</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blakeney A.B., Flinn P.C. Determination of non-starch polysaccharides in cereal grains with near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. 2005;49(6):546-550. DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200500038</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brownlee I.A. The physiological roles of dietary fibre. Food Hydrocolloids. 2011;25(2):238-250. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2009.11.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brownlee I.A. The physiological roles of dietary fibre. Food Hydrocolloids. 2011;25(2):238-250. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2009.11.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cherdthong A., Seankamsorn A., Suriyapha C., Chanjula P., Wanapat M. Effect of β-glucan supplementation on feed intake, digestibility of nutrients and ruminal fermentation in Thai native beef cattle. Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2018;102(6):1509-1514. DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12989</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cherdthong A., Seankamsorn A., Suriyapha C., Chanjula P., Wanapat M. Effect of β-glucan supplementation on feed intake, digestibility of nutrients and ruminal fermentation in Thai native beef cattle. Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2018;102(6):1509-1514. DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12989</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dikeman C.L., Fahey G.C. Viscosity as related to dietary fibre:a review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2006;46(8):649-663.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dikeman C.L., Fahey G.C. Viscosity as related to dietary fibre:a review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2006;46(8):649-663.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ермаков А.И., Арасимович В.В., Ярош Н.П., Перуанский Ю.В., Луковникова Г.А., Иконникова М.И. Методы биохимических исследований растений / под ред. А.И. Ермакова. 3-е изд. Ленинград; 1987.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ermakov A.I., Arasimovich V.V., Yarosh N.P., Peruanskiy Yu.V., Lukovnikova G.A., Ikonnikova M.I. Methods of biochemical research of plants (Metody biohimicheskih issledovanij rastenij). A.I. Ermakov (ed.). 3nd ed. Leningrad; 1987.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Faure A.M., Koppeno W.H., Nyström L. Iron (II) binding by cereal β-glucan. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2015;115:739-743. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.07.038</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Faure A.M., Koppeno W.H., Nyström L. Iron (II) binding by cereal β-glucan. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2015;115:739-743. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.07.038</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gajdošová A., Petruláková Z., Havrlentová M., Červená V., Hozová B., Šturdík E., Kogan G. The content of water-soluble and water-insoluble β-D-glucans in selected oats and barley varieties. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2007;70:46-52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gajdošová A., Petruláková Z., Havrlentová M., Červená V., Hozová B., Šturdík E., Kogan G. The content of water-soluble and water-insoluble β-D-glucans in selected oats and barley varieties. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2007;70:46-52.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гематдинова В.М., Канарский А.В., Канарская З.А., Сметанская И.И. Влияние щелочной и ферментативной обработки зерна овса и овсяных отрубей на выход бета-глюкана. Вестник ВГУИТ. 2017;79(3):164-168. DOI: 10.20914/2310-1202-2017-3-164-168</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gematdinova V.M., Kanarskii A.V., Kanarskaya Z.A., Smetanskaya I.I. Influence of alkaline and environmental processing of oil and grain outs on β-glucane output (Vliyanie schelochnoy i fermentativnoy obrabotki zerna ovsa i ovsyanih otrubey na vihod beta-glucana). Proceedings of VSUET = Vestnik VGUIT. 2017;79(3):164-168. DOI: 10.20914/2310-1202-2017-3-164-168</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee C.J., Horsley R.D., Manthey F.A., Schwarz P.B. Comparison of β-glucan content of barley and oat. Cereal Chemistry. 1997;74(5):571-575. DOI: 10.1094/CCHEM.1997.74.5.571</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee C.J., Horsley R.D., Manthey F.A., Schwarz P.B. Comparison of β-glucan content of barley and oat. Cereal Chemistry. 1997;74(5):571-575. DOI: 10.1094/CCHEM.1997.74.5.571</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loskutov I.G., Polonskiy V.I. Content of β-glucans in oat grain as a perspective direction of breeding for health products and fodder. Agricultural Biology. 2017;52(4):646-657. DOI: 10.15389/agrobiology.2017.4.646eng</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loskutov I.G., Polonskiy V.I. Content of β-glucans in oat grain as a perspective direction of breeding for health products and fodder. Agricultural Biology. 2017;52(4):646-657. DOI: 10.15389/agrobiology.2017.4.646eng</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McCleary B.V., Codd R. Measurement of (1→3),(1→4)-β-D-glucan in barley and oats: streamlined enzymic procedure. Journal of Science Food and Agriculture. 1991;55:303-312.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McCleary B.V., Codd R. Measurement of (1→3),(1→4)-β-D-glucan in barley and oats: streamlined enzymic procedure. Journal of Science Food and Agriculture. 1991;55:303-312.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Полонский В.И., Сурин Н.А., Герасимов С.А., Липшин А.Г., Сумина А.В., Зюте С. Изучение сортов овса (Avena sativa L.) различного географического происхождения по качеству зерна и продуктивности. Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции. 2019;23(6):683-690. DOI: 10.18699/VJ19.541</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polonskiy V.I., Surin N.A., Gerasimov S.A., Lipshin A.G., Sumina A.V., Zute S. The study of oat varieties (Avena sativa L.) of different geographical origin for grain quality and productivity (Izuchenie sortov ovsa (Avena sativa L.) razlichnogo geograficheskogo proiskhozhdeniya po kachestvu zerna i produktivnosti). Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding. 2019;23(6):683-690. DOI: 10.18699/VJ19.541</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Попов В.С., Красильников В.Н., Барсукова Н.В. Бета-глюканы овса в функциональном и лечебном питании. Проблемы экономики и управления в торговле и промышленности. 2014;2(6):78-83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popov V.S., Krasilnikov V.N., Barsukova N.V. Beta-glucans of oats in functional and therapeutic nutrition (Beta-glyukany ovsa v funkcionalnom i lechebnom pitanii). Problems of economics and management in trade and industry = Problemy ekonomiki i upravleniya v torgovle i promyshlennosti. 2014;2(6):78-83.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Regand A., Chowdhury Z., Tosh S.M., Wolever T.M.S., Wood P. The molecular weight, solubility and viscosity of oat β-glucan affect human glycemic response by modifying starch digestibility. Food Chemistry. 2011;129(2):297-304. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.04.053</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Regand A., Chowdhury Z., Tosh S.M., Wolever T.M.S., Wood P. The molecular weight, solubility and viscosity of oat β-glucan affect human glycemic response by modifying starch digestibility. Food Chemistry. 2011;129(2):297-304. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.04.053</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Саломатов А.С. Получение β-глюкана из ячменя методом кислотной экстракции. Вестник Алтайского государственного аграрного университета. 2015;6(128):130-134.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salomatov A.S. Acidic extraction of β-glucan from barley (Poluchenie beta-glucana iz yachmenya metodom kislotnoy extraksii). Bulletin of Altai State Agrarian University = Vestnik Altajskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta. 2015;6(128):130-134.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmidt J., Gergely S., Schönlechner R., Grausgruber H., Tömösközi S., Salgó A., Berghofer E. Comparison of Different Types of NIR Instruments in Ability to Measure β-glucan Content in Naked Barley. Cereal Chemistry. 2009;86(4):398-404. DOI: 10.1094/CCHEM-86-4-0398</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schmidt J., Gergely S., Schönlechner R., Grausgruber H., Tömösközi S., Salgó A., Berghofer E. Comparison of Different Types of NIR Instruments in Ability to Measure β-glucan Content in Naked Barley. Cereal Chemistry. 2009;86(4):398-404. DOI: 10.1094/CCHEM-86-4-0398</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shewry P.R., Piironen V., Lampi A-M., Nyström L., Li L., Rakszegi M., Fraś A., Boros D., Gebruers K., Courtin C.M., Delcour J.A., Andersson A.A.M., Dimberg L., Bedő Z., Ward J.L. Phytochemical and Fiber Components in Oat Varieties in the HEALTHGRAIN Diversity Screen. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2009;56(21):9777-9784. DOI: 10.1021/jf801880d</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shewry P.R., Piironen V., Lampi A-M., Nyström L., Li L., Rakszegi M., Fraś A., Boros D., Gebruers K., Courtin C.M., Delcour J.A., Andersson A.A.M., Dimberg L., Bedő Z., Ward J.L. Phytochemical and Fiber Components in Oat Varieties in the HEALTHGRAIN Diversity Screen. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2009;56(21):9777-9784. DOI: 10.1021/jf801880d</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Skendi A., Biliaderis C.G., Lazaridou A., Izydorczyk M.S. Structure and rheological properties of water soluble β-glucans from oat cultivars of Avena sativa and Avena bysantina. Journal of Cereal Science. 2003;38(1):15-31. DOI: 10.1016/S0733-5210(02)00137-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skendi A., Biliaderis C.G., Lazaridou A., Izydorczyk M.S. Structure and rheological properties of water soluble β-glucans from oat cultivars of Avena sativa and Avena bysantina. Journal of Cereal Science. 2003;38(1):15-31. DOI: 10.1016/S0733-5210(02)00137-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Svihus B., Gullord M. Effect of chemical content and physical characteristics on nutritional value of wheat, barley and oats for poultry. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2002;102(1-4):71-92. DOI: 10.1016/S0377-8401(02)00254-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Svihus B., Gullord M. Effect of chemical content and physical characteristics on nutritional value of wheat, barley and oats for poultry. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2002;102(1-4):71-92. DOI: 10.1016/S0377-8401(02)00254-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tikanoja S., Suoniemi-Kähärä A., Otama L. Method for determining the concentration of beta-d-glucan. Finland; patent number: EP2810051A1; 2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tikanoja S., Suoniemi-Kähärä A., Otama L. Method for determining the concentration of beta-d-glucan. Finland; patent number: EP2810051A1; 2014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wood P.J. Oat and rye β-glucan: properties and function. Cereal Chemistry. 2010;87(4):315-330. DOI: 10.1094/CCHEM-87-4-0315</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wood P.J. Oat and rye β-glucan: properties and function. Cereal Chemistry. 2010;87(4):315-330. DOI: 10.1094/CCHEM-87-4-0315</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu F., Du B., Xu B. A critical review on production and industrial applications of β-glucans. Food Hydrocolloids. 2016;52:275-288. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.07.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu F., Du B., Xu B. A critical review on production and industrial applications of β-glucans. Food Hydrocolloids. 2016;52:275-288. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.07.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
