bioselБиотехнология и селекция растенийPlant Biotechnology and Breeding2658-62662658-6258VIR10.30901/2658-6266-2021-1-o4biosel-119Research ArticleГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ БИОТЕХНОЛОГИИGENETIC BASIS OF BIOTECHNOLOGYГен rolC агробактерий: на пути к пониманию функцииThe rolC gene of agrobacteria: towards the understanding of its functionshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4427-5116ХафизоваГ. В.KhafizovaG. V.

190000 Санкт-Петербург, Университетская набережная, 7–9

7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., St. Petersburg 199034

galina.khafizova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8569-6665МатвееваТ. В.MatveevaT. V.

190000 Санкт-Петербург, Университетская набережная, 7–9

7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., St. Petersburg 199034

Санкт-Петербургский государственный университетРоссияSaint Petersburg State UniversityRussian Federation20210610202141Принято в печать3646Copyright © Хафизова Г.В., Матвеева Т.В., 20212021Хафизова Г.В., Матвеева Т.В.Khafizova G.V., Matveeva T.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/119

В процессе агротрансформации в растение попадает фрагмент плазмиды почвенной бактерии Agrobacterium rhizogenes Conn в результате чего под действием генов, входящих в состав данного фрагмента, у растения разрастается корневая система. Основные гены, контролирующие разрастание корней, объединяют в «корневой локус». Самым хорошо изученным геном “корневого локуса” является ген rolC. За более чем 30-летнюю историю исследований, посвященных гену rolC, были получены данные по его экспрессии, локализации и предполагаемых функциях белка, а также о его влиянии на морфологические и биохимические особенности растений. Так известно, что трансформация геном rolC приводит к множественным морфологическим эффектам, среди которых чаще всего встречаются карликовость, кустистость и изменение формы листовой пластинки. Подобные реакции растений связывают с изменением баланса гормонов, происходящим под влиянием rolC. Показано, что у трансформированных растений действительно изменяется количество ауксинов, цитокининов, а также абсцизовой кислоты, однако эти данные не складываются в единую картину. Также не установлены сигнальные пути, по которым rolC может воздействовать на гормональную систему растений. Морфогенетические эффекты могут проявляться в различной степени в зависимости от того, под контролем какого промотора работает rolC. Использование конститутивного промотора обычно приводит к более выраженному проявлению признаков, чем при работе гена под нативным промотором. Также показано влияние rolC на вторичный метаболизм растений. У трансформантов происходит активация синтеза различных метаболитов и, в отличие от морфогенетических эффектов, данный биохимический эффект не зависит от промотора, под которым экспрессируется ген. Некоторые вторичные метаболиты связаны с защитной системой растений. Таким образом, rolC способен опосредованно влиять и на этот аспект физиологии растений. В данном обзоре собраны результаты исследований, посвященных гену rolC в растениях, авторы попытались сформулировать основные гипотезы, связанные с механизмами работы гена, с целью приблизить читателей к пониманию его функции в растениях.

Agrobacterium rhizogenes Conn is a soil bacterium, which can transform plants by inserting a plasmid fragment into the plant genome. This fragment contains a “root locus”: four genes that cause root overgrowth of the transformed plant, the so-called “hairy root syndrome”. The most studied gene of the root locus is rolC. For more than 30 years of research on this gene, data have been obtained on its expression, protein localization and putative functions of the protein as well as on its effect on plant morphology and biochemistry. The rolC transformation leads to multiple morphological effects, most common among which are dwarfism, bushiness, and a change in the shape of the leaf blade. Such specific plant reactions are associated with changes in hormone balance under the influence of rolC. The levels of auxins, cytokinins, and abscisic acid do change in transformed plants, but no regularities have been revealed. Also, the signaling pathways of rolC affecting the hormonal system of plants are not established. Morphogenetic effects can occur in varying degrees depending on the promoter under which the rolC works. A constitutive promoter usually leads to a more pronounced effect when compared to a gene that operates under a native promoter. Secondary plant metabolism is also affected by rolC. The synthesis of various metabolites is amplified in transformants, and, in contrast to morphological effects, this biochemical effect does not depend on the promoter. Some secondary metabolites are associated with the plant defense system; thus, rolC is able to indirectly influence this aspect of plant physiology. This review summarizes the results of the rolC gene studies in plants. The authors formulate the main hypotheses regarding the mechanisms of the gene in order to promote our understanding of its function in plants.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.