bioselБиотехнология и селекция растенийPlant Biotechnology and Breeding2658-62662658-6258VIR10.30901/2658-6266-2021-3-o1biosel-125Research ArticleРАЗВИТИЕ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ МЕТОДОВ СЕЛЕКЦИИDEVELOPMENT OF MODERN BREEDING METHODSРегуляция биосинтеза флавоноидов у представителей трибы фасолиевые Phaseoleae DCRegulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in representatives of the tribe Phaseoleae DC.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4917-6862КрыловаЕ. А.KrylovaE. A.

 190000 Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44; Лаборатория постгеномных исследований, научный сотрудник

42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia

e.krylova@vir.nw.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4565-1539МихайловаА. С.MikhailovaA. S.

190000 Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44;

199034 Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., д. 7–9;

младший научный сотрудник

42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia; 7/9, University Emb., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia

a.mikhailova@vir.nw.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н. И. ВавиловаРоссияN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н. И. Вавилова; Санкт-Петербургский государственный университетРоссияN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources; St. Petersburg State UniversityRussian Federation202123122021431525Copyright © Крылова Е.А., Михайлова А.С., 20212021Крылова Е.А., Михайлова А.С.Krylova E.A., Mikhailova A.S.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/125

Флавоноиды играют важную роль в метаболизме растений. Многие из них проявляют антиоксидантную активность и являются пигментами, окрашивающими ткани растений в разнообразные цвета. Продукты питания, богатые флавоноидными соединениями, рассматривают в качестве функциональных компонентов здорового рациона. В настоящее время отмечается повышенный интерес к изучению генетических механизмов, лежащих в основе появления признаков окраски у растений. Пути биосинтеза флавоноидов находятся под контролем двух групп генов. Структурные гены кодируют ферменты биосинтеза, а регуляторные гены ‒ транскрипционные факторы, контролирующие экспрессию структурных генов. Транскрипционные факторы, относящиеся к семействам R2R3-Myb, bHLH-Myc и WDR, образуют комплекс MBW, который вовлечен в регуляцию экспрессии структурных генов биосинтеза флавоноидов. Механизмы регуляции биосинтеза антоцианов и проантоцианидинов комплексом MBW подробно описаны у модельного растительного объекта Arabidopsis thaliana L. В настоящем обзоре обобщены данные о регуляции биосинтеза фенольных пигментов и об особенностях их накопления в растительных тканях у основных представителей трибы Phaseoleae DC: сои Glycine max (L.) Merr., фасоли обыкновенной Phaseolus vulgaris L., адзуки Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi и коровьего гороха V. unguiculata (L.) Walp. Обсуждаемые в данном обзоре виды являются наиболее важными бобовыми культурами во многих странах мира, играя ключевую роль в рационе питания миллионов людей. Идентификация и характеристика генов, контролирующих пути биосинтеза флавоноидов, являются необходимым условием для успешной селекции современных сортов с повышенной диетической ценностью. Выявление закономерностей накопления флавоноидов необходимо для решения проблемы расширения разнообразия растительной продукции.

Flavonoids play a crucial role in plant metabolism. Many of them have antioxidant activity, and they are also pigments that render a variety of colors to plant tissues. Foods rich in flavonoid compounds are considered as functional components of a healthy diet. Currently, there is an increased interest in studying genetic mechanisms underlying the coloration of plants. Flavonoid biosynthesis pathways are controlled by two groups of genes. Structural genes encode enzymes, while regulatory genes are responsible for transcription factors that activate the expression of structural genes. Transcription factors that belong to R2R3-Myb, bHLH-Myc and WDR families form the ternary MBW complex, which is involved in regulating the expression of structural genes of flavonoid biosynthesis. The mechanisms of regulation of the anthocyanins and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis by the MBW complex are described in detail for the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana L. This review summarizes data on the regulation of phenolic pigment biosynthesis and the features of phenolic pigment accumulation in plant tissues in the main representatives of the Phaseoleae tribe: soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr., common bean Phaseolus vulgaris L., adzuki bean Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi, and cowpea V. unguiculata (L.) Walp. The species discussed in this review are the most important food legumes in many countries of the world and they comprise the staple food in diets of millions of people. Identification and characterization of the genes controlling the flavonoid biosynthesis pathways are necessary for successful breeding of modern varieties with an increased dietary value. Identification of the flavonoid accumulation patterns is essential for solving the problem of broadening the diversity of plant products.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.