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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biosel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Биотехнология и селекция растений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant Biotechnology and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-6266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6258</issn><publisher><publisher-name>VIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2658-6266-2021-3-o2</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biosel-128</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДЫ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОЙ ГЕНЕТИКИ В СЕЛЕКЦИИ РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METHODS OF MOLECULAR GENETICS IN PLANT BREEDING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Молекулярное маркирование генов Vrn, Ppd и реакция на яровизацию ультраскороспелых линий яровой мягкой пшеницы Triticum aestivum   L.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Molecular labeling of  Vrn, Ppd  genes and vernalization response of the ultra-early lines of spring bread wheat Triticum aestivum  L.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9848-5795</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ригин</surname><given-names>Б. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rigin</surname><given-names>B. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>190000 Россия, г.  Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44; Отдел генетики, главный научный сотрудник, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">riginbv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9259-4384</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зуев</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zuev</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>190000 Россия, г.  Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44; Отдел генетических ресурсов пшениц, руководитель отдела, ведущий научный сотрудник, куратор коллекции яровой мягкой пшеницы; к.с.-х.н.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russ</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.zuev@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8233-5047</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвиенко</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matvienko</surname><given-names>I. I</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>190000 Россия, г.  Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.matvienko@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6754-2897</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреева</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreeva</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>190000 Россия, г.  Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44; Отдел генетических ресурсов пшеницы, группа твердой пшеницы и тритикале,  младший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.andreeva@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.  И. Вавилова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ригин Б.В., Зуев Е.В., Матвиенко И.И., Андреева А.С., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ригин Б.В., Зуев Е.В., Матвиенко И.И., Андреева А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rigin B.V., Zuev E.V., Matvienko I.I., Andreeva A.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/128">https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/128</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Знание о генетическом контроле реакции на яровизацию ультраскороспелых образцов будет способствовать селекции на высокую адаптивную способность мягкой пшеницы. Материалы и методы. Исследовали ультраскороспелые линии Рико (к-65588) и Римакс (к-67257), как самые скороспелые среди образцов коллекции мягкой пшеницы ВИР, а также 10 линий Рифор (к-67120, к-67121, к-67250-67256) с высокой скоростью развития до колошения, которые являются потомками от скрещивания Рико × Forlani Roberto’ (к-42641). Изучен позднеспелый образец ‘Forlani Roberto’ к-42641) и сорт ‘Ленинградская 6’ (к-64900), районированный в Северо-Западном регионе России. Аллели генов Vrn и Ppd идентифицировали с помощью ПЦР-анализа c использованием опубликованных в литературе аллель-специфичных праймеров. Реакция на яровизацию (30 суток при 3°С) и короткий 12-часовой день определена по методике ВИР. Результаты. Ультраскороспелые линии очень слабо реагируют на короткий 12-часовой день и 30-дневную яровизацию. Генотип ультраскороспелых линий пшеницы в основном представлен тремя доминантными генами Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1a и Vrn-D1, обеспечивающие нечувствительность к яровизации на фоне экспрессии Ppd-D1a, контролирующего реакцию на фотопериод. Ультраскороспелые линии Рифор 4 и Рифор 5 имеют рецессивный аллель vrn-A1a, как и исходный образец ‘Forlani Roberto’. Линии Рифор 4 и Рифор 5 нечувствительны к яровизации в условиях длинного дня и имеют очень слабую реакцию при коротком дне (3,5 ±0,42 сут и 4,0 ±0,61 суток соответственно). Однако, ‘Forlani Roberto’ с геном vrn-A1a одинаково реагирует на яровизацию при любом фотопериоде (12,3±1,58 суток и 12,2±0,74 суток). Заключение. Ультраскороспелые линии мягкой яровой пшеницы имеют доминантные гены Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1a и Vrn-D1 и не чувствительны к яровизации. Некоторые ультраскороспелые линии могут не реагировать на яровизацию или иметь ее низкий уровень (Рифор 4, Рифор 5), но в их генотипах имеется рецессивный ген vrn-A1a. Этот эффект может быть причиной образования комплекса генов-модификаторов наряду с доминантным геном Vrn-D1, который сформировался в процессе гибридизации F7-8 Рико × ‘Forlani Roberto’. Ультраскороспелые линии мягкой пшеницы Рико, Римакс и Рифор (к-67120, к-67121, к-67250-67256) могут быть эффективными источниками генов скороспелости в селекции мягкой пшеницы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. The knowledge of genetic control of vernalization response in the ultra-early accessions can facilitate bread wheat breeding for a high adaptive capacity. Materials and methods. The study involved the ultra-early lines Rico (k-65588) and Rimax (k-67257) as the earliest maturing lines in the VIR bread wheat collection, as well as 10 Rifor lines (k-67120, k-67121, k-67250-67256) with a high rate of development before heading. A late ripening accession ‘Forlani Roberto’ (k-42641) and ‘Leningradskaya 6’ variety (k-64900), regionally adapted to Northwestern Russia, were also studied. The alleles of the Vrn and Ppd genes were identified by the PCR analysis using the allele-specific primers published in literature sources. The response to vernalization (30 days at 3°C) and a short 12-hour day were determined using a methodology accepted at VIR. Results. The ultra-early lines respond to a short 12-hour day and 30-day vernalization very poorly. The genotype of ultra-early wheat lines is mainly represented by three genes, Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1a, and Vrn-D1, which ensure insensitivity to vernalization alongside with the expression of Ppd-D1a, which controls the response to photoperiod. The ultra-early lines Rifor 4 and Rifor 5 have a recessive allele vrn-A1a, like the original ‘Forlani Roberto’ accession. The lines Rifor 4 and Rifor 5 are vernalization-insensitive under the long day and have a very weak response under the short day (3.5±0.42 days and 4.0±0.61 days, respectively). However, ‘Forlani Roberto’ with the vrn-A1a gene responds to vernalization in the same way under any photoperiod (12.3±1.58 days and 12.2±0.74 days). Conclusion The ultra-early lines of bread wheat Rifor 4 and Rifor 5 with the vrn-A1a gene can have no response to vernalization or have a low level response. This effect can be a reason for the formation of a complex of modifier genes along with the dominant gene Vrn-D1, which forms during the hybridization of F7-8 Rico × Forlani Roberto. The ultra-early lines of bread wheat Rico, Rimax and Rifor (k-67120, k-67121, k-67250-67256) can serve as effective sources of genes for earliness in common wheat breeding.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>яровая мягкая пшеница</kwd><kwd>ультраскороспелость</kwd><kwd>линии Рифор</kwd><kwd>реакция на яровизацию</kwd><kwd>фотопериод</kwd><kwd>аллели генов Vrn и Ppd</kwd><kwd>ПЦР-анализ</kwd><kwd>селекция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Spring bread wheat</kwd><kwd>ultra-earliness</kwd><kwd>Rifor lines</kwd><kwd>vernalization response</kwd><kwd>photoperiod</kwd><kwd>Vrn and Ppd gene alleles</kwd><kwd>PCR analysis</kwd><kwd>breeding</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания согласно тематическому плану ВИР по проекту № 0662-2019-0006 «Поиск, поддержание жизнеспособности и раскрытие потенциала наследственной изменчивости мировой коллекции зерновых и крупяных культур ВИР для развития, оптимизированного генбанка и рационального использования в селекции и растениеводстве».</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The research was performed within the framework of the State Assignment according to the Thematic Plan of VIR, Project No. 0662-2019-0006 “Search for, Viability Maintenance and Disclosure of the Potential of Hereditary Variation in the VIR Global Collection of Cereal and Groat Crops for the Development of an Optimized Genebank and its Sustainable Utilization in Plant Breeding and Crop Production”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абдуллаев Р.А., Алпатьева Н.В., Звейнек И.А., Баташева Б.А., Анисимова И.Н., Радченко Е.Е. 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