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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biosel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Биотехнология и селекция растений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant Biotechnology and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-6266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6258</issn><publisher><publisher-name>VIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2658-6266-2022-1-o2</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biosel-148</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОХРАНЕНИЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ РАСТЕНИЙ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПОДХОДОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CONSERVATION OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES USING BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Криоконсервация сортов малины отечественной селекции из коллекции  in vitro  ВИР</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cryopreservation of raspberry cultivar accessions bred in Russia from the VIR in vitro collection</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8103-2191</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Камнев</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kamnev</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антон Михайлович Камнев</p><p>младший научный сотрудник, Отдел биотехнологии, ВИР, 190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton M. Kamnev</p><p>Associate Researcher, Department of Biotechnology, VIR, 42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">antonkamen@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7002-8066</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дунаева</surname><given-names>С. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dunaeva</surname><given-names>S. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Ефимовна Дунаева</p><p>кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, Отдел биотехнологии, ВИР, 190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana E. Dunaeva</p><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher, Department of Biotechnology, VIR, 42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dunaevase@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталия Николаевна Волкова</p><p>ведущий специалист, Отдел биотехнологии, ВИР, 190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia N. Volkova</p><p>Leading Specialist, Department of Biotechnology, VIR, 42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nata.volckova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лисицына</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lisitsyna</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Владимировна Лисицына</p><p>специалист, Отдел биотехнологии, ВИР, 190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Lisitsyna</p><p>Specialist, Department of Biotechnology, VIR, 42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olgalis86@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2605-6569</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гавриленко</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrilenko</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Андреевна Гавриленко</p><p>доктор биологических наук, главный научный сотрудник, заведующая отделом, Отдел биотехнологии, ВИР, 190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatjana A. Gavrilenko</p><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), Chief Researcher, Head, Department of Biotechnology, VIR, 42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatjana9972@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт&#13;
генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Камнев А.М., Дунаева С.Е., Волкова Н.Н., Лисицына О.В., Гавриленко Т.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Камнев А.М., Дунаева С.Е., Волкова Н.Н., Лисицына О.В., Гавриленко Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kamnev A.M., Dunaeva S.E., Volkova N.N., Lisitsyna O.V., Gavrilenko T.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/148">https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/148</self-uri><abstract><p>В генетических банках растений криоколлекции используются для длительного хранения культур, которые не могут сохраняться в семенных коллекциях. К ним относятся вегетативно размножаемые культуры, образцы видов, формирующих малое число семян или имеющих рекальцитрантные семена. Для криосохранения большинства ягодных культур используют апексы побегов пробирочных растений, поэтому определяющим этапом для них является наличие in vitro коллекции. В коллекции in vitro ВИР сохраняется 150 образцов рода Rubus L., из них 85 сортов малины, в том числе 59 отечественной селекции. Эти сорта характеризуются широким эколого-географическим разнообразием. Среди них имеются сорта малины, созданные в конце XIX века – первой половине XX века, в том числе селекции И.В. Мичурина и основоположника северного садоводства В.В. Спирина. Более половины образцов отечественных сортов малины (33 сорта) числятся в Государственном реестре селекционных достижений, допущенных к использованию. Собранный в in vitro коллекции ВИР сортимент малины российской селекции ограниченно представлен в зарубежных генбанках. Задача данной работы заключалась в криоконсервации образцов сортов малины преимущественно народной и старой российской селекции, поступивших в ВИР в период с 1925 по 1950 год, а также мониторинг посткриогенной регенерационной способности у сортов малины, ранее заложенных в криобанк ВИР. Замораживание при сверхнизких температурах апексов микрорастений проводили у 10 сортов малины из in vitro коллекции ВИР (7 из которых относятся к сортам народной и старой российской селекции) с использованием оптимизированного ранее протокола дроплет-витрификации – «DV-biotech». В криобанк ВИР на длительное хранение передано 10 образцов сортов малины (900 апексов) со средним уровнем посткриогенной регенерации 38,2 ± 3,0, определенным в контрольных экспериментах перед закладкой на длительное хранение в криобанк. Отмечено статистически значимое влияние генотипа на жизнеспособность эксплантов после криоконсервации, в то время как статистически значимого влияния генотипа на посткриогенную регенерацию эксплантов не обнаружено. Дополнительно у 17 сортов малины, хранившихся в криобанке от одного до пяти лет, оценивали уровень посткриогенной регенерации. Из 17 проверенных образцов сортов малины (296 апексов) посткриогенная регенерация на уровне 20%–70% была выявлена у всех четырех сортов, сохраняемых в криобанке в течение одного года, и на уровне 10%–50% у оставшихся восьми сортов с более длительным сроком криохранения в криобанке – от трёх до пяти лет. По результатам проведенного мониторинга отмечена регенерация у 12 сортов малины на уровне от 10% до 70%. Эти сорта можно считать надёжно сохраняемыми в парах жидкого азота в криобанке ВИР. Мониторинг посткриогенной регенерации образцов малины, хранящихся в криобанке ВИР, и криоконсервация новых сортов малины будут продолжены.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cryobanks use plant cryocollections for long-term preservation of crops which cannot be preserved in seed collections. These are vegetatively propagated crops, accessions of species which form either a small amount of seeds, or recalcitrant seeds. Shoot tips (apexes) of in vitro plants are used for cryopreservation for most berry crops, therefore maintenance of in vitro collections is very important. The VIR in vitro collection includes 150 accessions of Rubus L. species, 85 of them are raspberry cultivars, 59 of which were bred in Russia. These cultivars reflect a wide ecogeographic diversity. Among them, there are raspberry cultivars created at the end of the 19th – first half of the 20th centuries, including cultivars bred by I.V. Michurin and by the pioneer of northern horticulture V.V. Spirin. More than half of national raspberry varieties (33) are listed in the State Register for Selection Achievements Admitted for Usage. Raspberry cultivars from Russian breeding programs have a very limited representation in foreign genebanks. The first aim of the present work was cryopreservation of mostly folk and old Russian raspberry cultivars received by VIR from 1925 till 1950 and their transfer into the cryobank. The second aim of the work was to monitor post-cryogenic regeneration of raspberry cultivars transferred to the cryobank earlier. A modified protocol of the droplet vitrification method by “DV-biotech” was used for cryopreservation of shoot tips of in vitro plants of 10 raspberry cultivars (7 of which are folk and old Russian ones) from the VIR in vitro collection. Post-cryogenic regeneration was evaluated for 17 raspberry cultivars preserved in the cryobank from one to five years. Ten raspberry cultivars (900 apexes) with an average mean post-cryoregenic regeneration value of 38.2±3.0% determined in control tests, were placed in the cryobank for long-term storage. A statistically significant effect of the genotype on the viability of explants after cryopreservation was noted, while the post-cryogenic regeneration was genotype insensitive. Additionally, levels of post-cryogenic regeneration were evaluated for 17 raspberry cultivars (296 apexes) preserved in the cryobank from one to five years. Post-cryogenic regeneration within the 20-70% range was displayed by four raspberry cultivars preserved in the cryobank for one year, and for 8 cultivars conserved there from three to five years post-cryogenic regeneration was within the 10-50% range. According to the results of monitoring, regeneration displayed by 12 raspberry cultivars was within the 10-70% range, which can be considered as a reliable rate of apex preservation in liquid nitrogen vapors in the VIR cryobank. Monitoring of the post-cryogenic regeneration of the raspberry accessions preserved in the VIR cryobank and cryopreservation of new raspberry cultivars will be continued.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Rubus idaeus L.</kwd><kwd>сорта</kwd><kwd>криоконсервация</kwd><kwd>посткриогенная регенерация</kwd><kwd>криобанк</kwd><kwd>криосохранение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Rubus idaeus L.</kwd><kwd>cultivars</kwd><kwd>cryobank</kwd><kwd>post cryogenic regeneration</kwd><kwd>cryopreservation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ВИР согласно тематическому плану НИР по теме № 0481–2022-0004. Авторы выражают благодарность сотруднику ВИР к. б. н. П.В. Озерскому за консультацию и помощь при статистической обработке материала.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared as part of the VIR State Assignment in accordance with the R&amp;D Thematic Plan, Topic No. 0481–2022-0004 “The study of genetic resources of cultivated plants, their wild relatives and created forms using a complex of modern methods of DNA diagnostics” and No. 0662-2019-0004 “VIR Collections of vegetatively propagated crops (potatoes, fruits, berries, ornamental crops, grapes) and their wild relatives; their study and rational useˮ. The authors express gratitude to research scientist PhD P.V. 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