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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biosel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Биотехнология и селекция растений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant Biotechnology and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-6266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6258</issn><publisher><publisher-name>VIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2658-6266-2022-3-o2</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biosel-156</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ БИОТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETIC BASIS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экспрессирующиеся последовательности генов опин-синтаз природных ГМО, установленные на основе анализа их транскриптомов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Expression sequences of opine synthase genes in natural GMOs based on analysis of their transcriptomes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богомаз</surname><given-names>Ф. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogomaz</surname><given-names>F. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Федор Денисович Богомаз, ученик 10 А класса</p><p>Советский переулок, дом 4 Лит. А, Санкт-Петербург, 190005</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Fedor Denisovich Bogomaz, 10 “Aˮ grade student</p><p>Sovetsky Lane, Bldg. 4, Lit. A, St. Petersburg, 190005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pickayut2006@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8569-6665</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвеева</surname><given-names>T. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matveeva</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Валерьевна Матвеева, доктор биологических наук, профессор, кафедра генетики и биотехнологии, биологический факультет</p><p>199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7/9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana Valeryevna Matveeva, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology</p><p>7/9, Universitetskaya Embankment, St. Petersburg, 199034</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">radishlet@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Лицей 281 Адмиралтейского района</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lyceum 281 of the Admiralteysky District</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Богомаз Ф.Д., Матвеева T.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Богомаз Ф.Д., Матвеева T.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bogomaz F.D., Matveeva T.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/156">https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/156</self-uri><abstract><p>Агробактерии – это природная система доставки генетического материала, которую люди используют для получения генно-инженерно модифицированных растений − ГМО. В природе тоже возникают ГМО с участием агробактерий. В 2019 году список известных природных ГМО был расширен на порядок, а также были найдены факты в пользу экспрессии агробактериальных генов в природных ГМО. Частота этого явления для двудольных растений была оценена величиной в 7 %. Преобладающими генами агробактериального происхождения в природных ГМО оказались гены опин-синтаз. Вероятно, они выполняют важные функции в природных ГМО. В 2021 году вышла статья с обновленным списком природных ГМО, однако обновления списка экспрессирующихся генов в природных ГМО с 2019 года не проводили. Целью данной работы является актуализация списка экспрессирующихся генов опин-синтаз природных ГМО. Методы исследования включали биоинформатический поиск с использованием запросов на основе последовательностей белков опин-синтаз из Agrobacterium rhizogenes, A. tumefaciens и A. vitis, их гомологов из растений Ipomoea и Nicotiana в базе данных TSA Национального центра биотехнологической информации (NCBI) по алгоритму TBLASTN с настройками по умолчанию. Результатом исследования стало пополнение списка природных ГМО с экспрессирующимися генами опин-синтаз еще на 18 видов, причем 12 из них относятся к родам, где ранее природные ГМО описаны не были (Albizia, Cenostigma, Averrhoa, Gynostemma, Eurycoma, Gypsophila, Myosoton, Camptotheca, Gustavia, Eschweilera. Cestrum, Jasminum, Paulownia). Анализ разнообразия обнаруженных последовательностей показал, что преобладают среди них гомологи кукумопин- и микимопин-синтаз. Конечные продукты этих генов являются оптическими изомерами. В перспективе имеет смысл начать изучение функций опин-синтаз в растениях именно с этих генов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Agrobacterium is a natural genetic material delivery system that humans use to produce genetically modified plants (GMO). In nature, GMOs also occur with the participation of agrobacteria. In 2019, the list of known natural GMOs was expanded by an order of magnitude, and facts were found in favor of the expression of agrobacterial genes in natural GMOs. The frequency of this phenomenon for dicotyledon plants has been estimated at 7 percent. Opine synthase genes turned out to be the predominant ones of agrobacterial origin in natural GMOs. They probably perform important functions in natural GMOs. In 2021, an article was published with an updated list of natural GMOs, but the list of genes expressed in natural GMOs has not been updated since 2019. The aim of this work is to update the list of opine synthase genes expressed in natural GMOs. The research methods included bioinformatic search using queries based on the sequences of opine synthase proteins from Agrobacterium rhizogenes, A.tumefaciens and A. vitis, their homologues from Ipomoea and Nicotiana plants, in the TSA database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) using the TBLASTN algorithm with default settings. The study resulted in the addition of another 18 species to the list of natural GMOs with expressed opine synthase genes, 12 of which belong to genera where natural GMOs were not previously described (Albizia, Cenostigma, Averrhoa, Gynostemma, Eurycoma, Gypsophila, Myosoton, Camptotheca, Gustavia, Eschweilera, Cestrum, Jasminum, and Paulownia). An analysis of the diversity of the detected sequences showed that homologues of cucumopine and mikimopine synthase predominate among them. The end products of these genes are optical isomers. In the future, it makes sense to start studying the functions of opine synthases in plants from these genes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>природные ГМО</kwd><kwd>опин-синтазы</kwd><kwd>транскриптомы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>natural GMOs</kwd><kwd>opine synthases</kwd><kwd>transcriptomes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chilton MD. Agrobacterium Ti plasmids as a tool for genetic engineering in plants. In: Rains D.W., Valentine R.C., Hollaender A. [eds.] Genetic engineering of osmoregulation, Basic life sciences. V.14. New York: Plenum Press; 1980, p.23-31. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3725-6_3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chilton MD. Agrobacterium Ti plasmids as a tool for genetic engineering in plants. In: Rains D.W., Valentine R.C., Hollaender A. 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