bioselБиотехнология и селекция растенийPlant Biotechnology and Breeding2658-62662658-6258VIR10.30901/2658-6266-2022-4-o1biosel-171Research ArticleМЕТОДЫ БИОТЕХНОЛОГИИ В СЕЛЕКЦИИ И СЕМЕНОВОДСТВЕ РАСТЕНИЙBIOTECHNOLOGY TECHNIQUES IN PLANT BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTIONРегенерация винограда в культуре in vitroIn vitro regeneration of grapehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6915-8760КоваленкоТ. В.KovalenkoT. V.

Татьяна Владимировна Коваленко

магистрант направления "Генетика и генетические технологии" Университета "Сириус"; младший научный сотрудник лаборатории генетики, селекции, биотехнологии декоративных и ягодных культур, ВИР

354340 Россия, г. Сочи, Олимпийский пр-т, д. 1; 190000 Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул Большая Морская, 42, 44

Tatyana V. Kovalenko

Master's student of "Genetics and Genetic Technologies", Sirius University of Science and Technology; Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding, Biotechnology of Ornamental and Berry Crops, VIR,

1, Olimpiyskiy avenue, Sochi, 354340 Russia; 42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia 

ddfvkt@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-7662ТихоноваН. Г.TikhonovaN. G.

Надежда Геннадьевна Тихонова

кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, зав. отделом генетических ресурсов плодовых и ягодных культур, ВИР

190000 Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Nadezhda G. Tikhonova

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding, Biotechnology of Ornamental and Berry Crops, VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia

n.g.tikhonova@vir.nw.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8470-8254ХлесткинаЕ. К.KhlestkinaE. K.

Елена Константиновна Хлесткина

доктор биологических наук, профессор РАН, директор, ВИР

190000 Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Elena K. Khlestkina

Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor of the RAS, Director, VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia

director@vir.nw.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9366-0216УхатоваЮ. В.UkhatovaYu. V.

Юлия Васильевна Ухатова

кандидат биологических наук, заместитель директора по научно-организационной работе, ВИР

190000 Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Yulia V. Ukhatova

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Deputy Director for Scientific and Organizational Work, VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia

y.ukhatova@vir.nw.ruАвтономная некоммерческая образовательная организация высшего образования «Научно-технологический университет «Сириус»; Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. ВавиловаРоссияSirius University of Science and Technology; N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. ВавиловаРоссияN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesRussian Federation202205042023543954Copyright © Коваленко Т.В., Тихонова Н.Г., Хлесткина Е.К., Ухатова Ю.В., 20222022Коваленко Т.В., Тихонова Н.Г., Хлесткина Е.К., Ухатова Ю.В.Kovalenko T.V., Tikhonova N.G., Khlestkina E.K., Ukhatova Y.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/171

Учитывая мировой и российский опыт сохранения образцов винограда, одним из наиболее надежных способов является создание дублетной in vitro коллекции. Однако, в связи с созданием дублетных коллекций винограда и развитием методик геномного редактирования, существует необходимость подбора оптимального состава среды, позволяющего получать при введении растений винограда в культуру in vitro максимальный коэффициент каллусообразования и регенерации. Это позволит получить необходимое количество материала для дальнейшего редактирования и последующей регенерации растений с нокаутом целевых генов с целью улучшения хозяйственно ценных признаков. Для винограда это прежде всего повышение устойчивости к возбудителю мучнистой росы Uncinula necator Burill. Изучено влияние на морфогенез многих сельскохозяйственных культур активных веществ биологического и синтетического происхождения, в том числе и для растений-регенерантов рода Vitis L. Однако, род Vitis очень разнообразен и неоднороден по своей генетической и физиолого-морфологической структуре, вследствие чего рекомендуемые среды и компоненты для выращивания в условиях in vitro могут подходить не каждому сорту. Местные российские сорта винограда лучше подходят к локальным условиям выращивания, поэтому следует сосредоточить усилия на отработке методик, связанных с сохранением местных сортов в условиях коллекций in vitro. Знание природы генов, контролирующих определенные признаки, как и наличие образцов винограда, геном которых секвенирован, способствуют успешному проведению in silico анализа для создания редактирующих конструкций.

Considering the global and Russian experience in grape accessions preservation, one of the most reliable ways is the creation of a duplicate in vitro collection. However, in connection with the creation of duplicate grape collections and development of genome editing techniques, there is a need for selecting the most optimal medium composition that will ensure the maximum rate of callus formation and regeneration during the introduction of grape plants into in vitro culture. This will make it possible to obtain the necessary amount of material for further editing and subsequent regeneration of plants with knockout of target genes to improve economically valuable traits. For grapes, this is primarily an increase in resistance to powdery mildew caused by Uncinula necator Burill. The effect of active substances of biological and synthetic origin on the morphogenesis has been studied for many crops, including regenerant plants of the genus Vitis L. However, the genus Vitis is very diverse and heterogeneous in its genetic, physiological and morphological structure, as a result of which the recommended media and components for cultivation under in vitro conditions may not suit every cultivar. Local Russian grape cultivars are better suited to local growing conditions, so efforts should be focused on the development of techniques related to the preservation of local varieties in collections in vitro. Knowledge of genes controlling certain traits, as well as the availability of grape accessions whose genome has been sequenced, contribute to successful in silico analysis for creating editing constructs.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.