bioselБиотехнология и селекция растенийPlant Biotechnology and Breeding2658-62662658-6258VIR10.30901/2658-6266-2022-4-o3biosel-173Research ArticleРАЗВИТИЕ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ МЕТОДОВ СЕЛЕКЦИИDEVELOPMENT OF MODERN BREEDING METHODSНовые направления в генетике, селекции, биотехнологии декоративных и ягодных культур в ВИР им. Н.И. ВавиловаThe new directions in genetics, breeding and biotechnology of ornamental and berry crops in the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1200-3113РахмангуловР. С.RakhmangulovR. S.

Руслан Султанович Рахмангулов 

кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией генетики, селекции, биотехнологии декоративных и ягодных культур, ВИР

190000 Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Ruslan S. Rakhmangulov

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Researcher, Head, Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding, Biotechnology of Ornamental and Berry Crops, VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia

r.rakhmangulov@vir.nw.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7793-9823БарабановИ. В.BarabanovI. V.

Иван Владимирович Барабанов

младший научный сотрудник лаборатории генетики, селекции, биотехнологии декоративных и ягодных культур, ВИР

190000 Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Ivan V. Barabanov

 Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding, Biotechnology of Ornamental and Berry Crops, VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia

ivanbarabanov88@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7328-437XЕрастенковаМ. В.ErastenkovaM/ V.

Мария Викторовна Ерастенкова

младший научный сотрудник лаборатории генетики, селекции, биотехнологии декоративных и ягодных культур, ВИР

190000 Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Mariya V. Erastenkova

Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding, Biotechnology of Ornamental and Berry Crops, VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia

merastenkova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9055-0986ИвановА. А.IvanovA. A.

Александр Александрович Иванов

младший научный сотрудник лаборатории генетики, селекции, биотехнологии декоративных и ягодных культур, ВИР

190000 Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Aleksandr A. Ivanov

Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding, Biotechnology of Ornamental and Berry Crops, VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia

ivashka_67@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6915-8760КоваленкоТ. В.KovalenkoT. V.

Татьяна Владимировна Коваленко

младший научный сотрудник лаборатории генетики, селекции, биотехнологии декоративных и ягодных культур, ВИР

190000 Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул Большая Морская, 42, 44

Tatyana V. Kovalenko

Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding, Biotechnology of Ornamental and Berry Crops, VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia

ddfvkt@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1587-2608МежинаК. М.MezhinaK. M.

Ксения Максимовна Межина

младший научный сотрудник лаборатории генетики, селекции, биотехнологии декоративных и ягодных культур, ВИР

190000 Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Ksenya M. Mezhina

Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding, Biotechnology of Ornamental and Berry Crops, VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia

mezhina_96@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2632-8069ПетросянИ. А.PetrosyanI. A.

Игорь Александрович Петросян

младший научный сотрудник лаборатории генетики, селекции, биотехнологии декоративных и ягодных культур, ВИР

190000 Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Igor A. Petrosyan

Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding, Biotechnology of Ornamental and Berry Crops, VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia

i.petrosyan@vir.nw.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3983-0082ХарченкоА. А.KharchenkoA. A.

Анастасия Анатольевна Харченко

младший научный сотрудник лаборатории генетики, селекции, биотехнологии декоративных и ягодных культур, ВИР

190000 Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Anastasiia A. Kharchenko

Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding, Biotechnology of Ornamental and Berry Crops, VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia

akkhara47@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5255-6399ШаймардановД. Ю.ShaimardanovD. Yu.

Дамир Юлаевич Шаймарданов

младший научный сотрудник лаборатории генетики, селекции, биотехнологии декоративных и ягодных культур, ВИР

190000 Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Damir Yu. Shaimardanov

Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding, Biotechnology of Ornamental and Berry Crops, VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia

ai_001@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2721-0986ШаймардановаЭ. Х.ShaimardanovaE. Kh.

Эльза Хафизовна Шаймарданова

кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории генетики, селекции, биотехнологии декоративных и ягодных культур, ВИР

190000 Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Elza Kh. Shaimardanova

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Researcher, Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding, Biotechnology of Ornamental and Berry Crops, VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia

elza817@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0474-8860АнисимоваИ. Н.AnisimovaI. N.

Ирина Николаевна Анисимова

доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, ВИР

190000 Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Irina N. Anisimova

Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Leading Researcher, VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia

irina_anisimova@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-7662ТихоноваН. Г.TikhonovaN. G.

Надежда Геннадьевна Тихонова

кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, зав. отделом генетических ресурсов плодовых и ягодных культур, ВИР

190000 Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Nadezhda G. Tikhonova

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding, Biotechnology of Ornamental and Berry Crops, VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia

n.g.tikhonova@vir.nw.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9366-0216УхатоваЮ. В.UkhatovaYu. V.

Юлия Васильевна Ухатова, кандидат биологических наук, заместитель директора по научно-организационной работе, ВИР

190000 Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Yulia V. Ukhatova

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Deputy Director for Scientific and Organizational Work, VIR 

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia

y.ukhatova@vir.nw.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8470-8254ХлесткинаЕ. К.KhlestkinaE. K.

Елена Константиновна Хлесткина, доктор биологических наук, профессор РАН, директор, ВИР

190000 Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Elena K. Khlestkina

Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor of the RAS, Director, VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Str., St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia

director@vir.nw.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. ВавиловаРоссияN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. ВавиловаРоссияN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesRussian Federation202205042023546578Copyright © Рахмангулов Р.С., Барабанов И.В., Ерастенкова М.В., Иванов А.А., Коваленко Т.В., Межина К.М., Петросян И.А., Харченко А.А., Шаймарданов Д.Ю., Шаймарданова Э.Х., Анисимова И.Н., Тихонова Н.Г., Ухатова Ю.В., Хлесткина Е.К., 20222022Рахмангулов Р.С., Барабанов И.В., Ерастенкова М.В., Иванов А.А., Коваленко Т.В., Межина К.М., Петросян И.А., Харченко А.А., Шаймарданов Д.Ю., Шаймарданова Э.Х., Анисимова И.Н., Тихонова Н.Г., Ухатова Ю.В., Хлесткина Е.К.Rakhmangulov R.S., Barabanov I.V., Erastenkova M.V., Ivanov A.A., Kovalenko T.V., Mezhina K.M., Petrosyan I.A., Kharchenko A.A., Shaimardanov D.Y., Shaimardanova E.K., Anisimova I.N., Tikhonova N.G., Ukhatova Y.V., Khlestkina E.K.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/173

Применение современных методов биотехнологии и молекулярной генетики позволяет выявлять на этапах пребридинга перспективные образцы с заданными хозяйственно-ценными признаками. Успех создания новых сортов растений зависит от наличия уникальных коллекций генетических ресурсов, информации о геномах, возможности культивирования in vitro генотипов с высокой регенерационной способностью, а также практических навыков и компетенций в данной области. Одним из передовых методов ускорения селекционного процесса является редактирование генома с помощью системы CRISPR/Cas. Данный метод позволяет эффективно осуществлять модификацию генов с целью получения сортов с заданными признаками. В 2022 году в рамках национального проекта «Наука и университеты» в ВИР открыта новая молодежная лаборатория генетики, селекции, биотехнологии декоративных и ягодных культур; примечательно, что это событие совпало со 135-летием со дня рождения Н.И. Вавилова. Основными направлениями работы лаборатории являются получение линий с заданными свойствами для дальнейшего селекционного процесса, выявление генов-мишеней хозяйственно-ценных признаков для получения новых сортов, линий, гибридов, а также создание протоколов ускоренного размножения безвирусного материала коммерчески востребованных сортов, ориентированных на импортозамещение. В данном обзоре рассмотрены актуальные направления селекции декоративных и ягодных культур: изменение окраски цветка (львиный зев, пион), улучшение аромата цветка (розы), изменение архитектоники (актинидия), повышение устойчивости к стресс-факторам (ежевика, земляника, виноград).

The use of modern breeding methods, biotechnology, and molecular genetics makes it possible to identify promising accessions with specified economically important traits at early pre-breeding stages. The success of creating new varieties depends on the availability of unique collections of plant genetic resources, information about genomes, possibility of in vitro cultivation with high regenerative capacity, and practical skills and competencies in this area. One of the advanced methods for accelerating the breeding process is genome editing using the CRISPR/Cas system. This method allows the effective modification of genes in order to obtain varieties with desired traits. In 2022, a new youth laboratory of genetics, breeding, biotechnology of ornamental and berry crops was set up at VIR as part of the National Project "Science and Universities". It is noteworthy that this event coincided with the 135th anniversary of the birth of N.I. Vavilov. The work of the laboratory is aimed at obtaining lines with desired properties for the further breeding process; identifying target genes of economically important traits for obtaining new varieties, lines, and hybrids; as well as creating protocols for the accelerated reproduction of virus-free material of commercially demanded varieties oriented towards import substitution. This review discusses current trends in breeding of ornamental and berry crops: e.g., flower color change in snapdragon and peony; flower aroma improvement in rose; architectonics change in actinidia; and increase of resistance to stress factors in blackberries, strawberries, and grapes.

ген-мишеньдекоративные и ягодные культурыморозоустойчивостьвкусовые качества ягодизменение окраски цветкаtarget geneornamental and berry cropsfrost resistancetaste qualities of berriesflower color changeСтатья подготовлена в рамках государственного задания ВИР согласно тематическому плану НИР по теме № FGEM-2022-0011 «Разработка подходов ускоренной селекции для улучшения хозяйственно ценных признаков декоративных и ягодных культур».The article was prepared as part of the Government Assignment to VIR in accordance with the R&D Thematic Plan Topic No. FGEM-2022-0011 «Development of accelerated breeding approaches to improve the economically valuable properties of ornamental and berry crops».ReferencesAlvarez J., Guli C.L., Yu X.H., Smyth D.R. terminal flower: a gene affecting inflorescence development in Arabidopsis thaliana. The Plant Journal. 1992;2(1):103-116. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.