bioselБиотехнология и селекция растенийPlant Biotechnology and Breeding2658-62662658-6258VIR10.30901/2658-6266-2023-3-o1biosel-180Research ArticleМЕТОДЫ БИОТЕХНОЛОГИИ В СЕЛЕКЦИИ И СЕМЕНОВОДСТВЕ РАСТЕНИЙBIOTECHNOLOGY TECHNIQUES IN PLANT BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTIONИндукция эмбриогенеза в культуре изолированных микроспор Brassica rapa L.Induction of embryogenesis in Brassica rapa L. isolated microspore culturehttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-3429-0060АслановаА. А.AslanovaA. A.

Анастасия Андреевна Асланова, младший научный сотрудник, лаборатории селекции и клеточных технологий отдела генетических ресурсов овощных и бахчевых культур, ВИР

190000 Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Anastasiya A. Aslanova, Junior researcher, Laboratory of Breeding and Cell Technologies, Department of Genetic Resources of Vegetable and Cucurbit Crops, VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia

a.aslanova@vir.nw.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3197-4751КуринаА. Б.KurinaA. B.

Анастасия Борисовна Курина, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, и.о. зав. лаборатории селекции и клеточных технологий отдела генетических ресурсов овощных и бахчевых культур, ВИР

190000 Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Anastasiya B. Kurina, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher, Acting Head, Laboratory of Breeding and Cell Technologies at the Department of Genetic Resources of Vegetable and Cucurbit Crops, VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia

a.kurina@vir.nw.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. ВавиловаN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources202302012024631424Copyright © Асланова А.А., Курина А.Б., 20232023Асланова А.А., Курина А.Б.Aslanova A.A., Kurina A.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/180

На сегодняшний день создание гибридов F1, сочетающих в себе высокую продуктивность, ценный биохимический состав и устойчивость к биотическим и абиотическим факторам среды, является актуальным направлением работы с культурами семейства капустные (Brassicaceae Burnett).

Для создания однородного, генетически стабильного исходного материала в селекции применяют методы клеточных технологий in vitro, которые призваны увеличить выход удвоенных гаплоидов, используемых в качестве исходного материала при создании новых сортов и гибридов.

Brassica rapa L

Brassica rapa L. включает однолетние и двулетние культуры. Методами традиционной селекции B. rapa получение селекционно ценных гибридов F1 возможно не менее, чем за 8-10 лет. При помощи современной технологии производства удвоенных гаплоидов в культуре изолированных микроспор этот процесс можно сократить до 2-3 лет.

B

B. rapa является одним из наименее пригодных видов для культивирования микроспор in vitro в пределах рода Brassica, большинство исследуемых образцов являются самонесовместимыми, сохраняют высокую степень гетерозиготности и гетерогенности. На сегодняшний день не существует эффективного протокола, который одинаково подойдет для индукции эмбриогенеза у различных образцов B. rapa.

Эмбриогенез в культуре изолированных микроспор рода Brassica зависит от стадии развития микроспор, предобработки бутонов, состава питательной среды (макро- и микроэлементы, источники железа, органические добавки, углеводы, регуляторы роста) и условий культивирования. Кроме того, этот процесс сильно зависит от генотипа отдельного растения.

В данном обзоре отражены основные достижения в разработке протоколов получения удвоенных гаплоидов B. rapa. Особое внимание уделено факторам, влияющим на эффективность производства гаплоидов в культуре изолированных микроспор.

The creation of F1 hybrids combining high productivity, valuable biochemical composition and resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors is an urgent area of work with Brassicaceae Burnett.

To create a homogeneous, genetically stable source material in breeding, in vitro cell technologies are used to increase the number of doubled haploids used as source material for creating new cultivars and hybrids.

Brassica rapa L

Brassica rapa L. includes annual and biennial crops. Using traditional breeding methods, it takes at least 8-10 years to produce selectively valuable F1 hybrids of B. rapa. With the help of modern technology for producing doubled haploids in the isolated microspore culture, this process can be shortened to 2-3 years.

B

B. rapa is one of the Brassica crops least suitable for microspore in vitro cultivation; most of the studied accessions are self-incompatible and retain a high degree of heterozygosity and heterogeneity. To date, there is no effective protocol that is equally suitable for the induction of embryogenesis in different B. rapa accessions.

Embryogenesis in an isolated microspore culture of the Brassica plants is subject to the timing of microspore development, pre-treatment of buds, composition of the nutrient medium (macro- and microelements, iron sources, organic additives, carbohydrates, growth regulators) and cultivation conditions. In addition, this process strongly depends on the genotype of the individual plant.

This review presents the main achievements in the development of protocols for obtaining doubled haploids of B. rapa. Particular attention is paid to the factors influencing the efficiency of haploid production in the isolated microspore culture.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.