bioselБиотехнология и селекция растенийPlant Biotechnology and Breeding2658-62662658-6258VIR10.30901/2658-6266-2024-1-o2biosel-199Research ArticleРАЗВИТИЕ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ МЕТОДОВ СЕЛЕКЦИИDEVELOPMENT OF MODERN BREEDING METHODSВозможности использования тетраплоидного межвидового гибрида Hordeum bulbosum L. × Hordeum vulgare L. в получении новых рекомбинантных линий ячменяPossibilities of using the tetraploid interspecific hybrid Hordeum bulbosum L. × Hordeum vulgare L. in obtaining new recombinant barley lineshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2814-7074ПендиненГ. И.PendinenG. I.

Галина Ивановна Пендинен, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, Отдел биотехнологии, ВИР

190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Galina I. Pendinen, Cand. Sci (Biology), Senior Researcher, Department of Biotechnology, VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia

pendinen@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2440-3782ЧерновВ. Е.ChernovV. E.

Владимир Евгеньевич Чернов, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, Отдел cветофизиологии растений и биопродуктивности агроэкосистем, АФИ

195220 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, Гражданский пр., д. 14

Vladimir E. Chernov, Cand. Sci (Biology), Senior Researcher, Department of Plant Light Physiology and Agroecosystem Bioproductivity

14, Grazhdanskiy Avenue, St. Petersburg 195220, Russia

vechernov@mail.ruШольцМ.ScholzM.

Маргрет Шольц, PhD, Institute for Breeding Research on Agricultural Crops (Zl), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants

Julius Kühn-Institut Rudolf–Schick-Platz 3a, Groß Lüsewitz, Sanitz, 18190 Germany

Margaret Scholz, PhD, Institute for Breeding Research on Agricultural Crops (Zl), Julius Kühn-Institut Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants

3a, Rudolf–Schick-Platz, Groß Lüsewitz, Sanitz, 18190 Germany

margret.scholz@t-online.deФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. ВавиловаРоссияN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesRussian FederationАгрофизический научно-исследовательский институтАФИРоссияAgrophysical Research InstituteRussian FederationJulius Kühn-Institut Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Agricultural Crops (Zl)ГерманияJulius Kühn-Institut Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Agricultural Crops (Zl)Germany20243004202471620Copyright © Пендинен Г.И., Чернов В.Е., Шольц М., 20242024Пендинен Г.И., Чернов В.Е., Шольц М.Pendinen G.I., Chernov V.E., Scholz M.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/199

Актуальность. Hordeum bulbosum L. – единственный дикорастущий вид рода Hordeum, генофонд которого успешно используется в интрогрессивной гибридизации для расширения генетического разнообразия Hordeum vulgare L. При создании интрогрессивных форм на основе гибридов H. vulgare с H. bulbosum необходимо учитывать плоидность образцов родительских видов, их генетические особенности, определяющие интенсивность процесса элиминации хромосом H. bulbosum в эмбриогенезе. Цель исследования – выявление особенностей, связанных с элиминацией хромосом ячменя луковичного в зародышах, полученных в различных комбинациях скрещиваний с участием тетраплоидного гибрида H. bulbosum с H. vulgare для его эффективного использования при создании интрогрессивных линий ячменя H. vulgare. Материал и методы. Для анализа использовали 9-15-ти дневные зародыши, полученные в скрещиваниях тетраплоидного гибрида F2 (H. bulbosum А17 (4х) × H. vulgare Borwina (4x)) (HbHbHvHv) с сортами H. vulgare ‘Igri’ (2х) и ‘Borwina’ (2х), с H. bulbosum А17 (4х), а также при самоопылении гибрида. Анализ хромосомного состава проводили на давленых препаратах разновозрастных зародышей методом геномной in situ гибридизации (GISH). Результаты. При самоопылении гибрида среди 11-15-ти дневных зародышей из числа изученных примерно половина – миксоплоидные, у остальных преобладают клетки, содержащие только геномный материал H. vulgare. При скрещивании гибрида с сортами ячменя ‘Igri’ (2х) и ‘Borwina’ (2х) процесс элиминации интенсивен, к 10-11-му дням после опыления во всех зародышах преобладают клетки, содержащие только геномный материал H. vulgare независимо от направления скрещивания и используемого сорта. В скрещиваниях тетраплоидного гибрида с H. bulbosum А17 (4х) получаются гибридные зародыши со стабильным хромосомным составом. Во всех вариантах скрещиваний выявлены зародыши с рекомбинантными хромосомами H. vulgare, несущие чужеродный генетический материал ячменя луковичного. Заключение. Для массового получения интрогрессивных линий культурного ячменя различных сортов на основе частично фертильного гибрида F2 (H. bulbosum А17 (4х) × H. vulgare ‘Borwina’ (4x)) (HbHbHvHv) наиболее эффективным является скрещивание с сортами H. vulgare (2x). В потомстве от таких скрещиваний будут только растения культурного ячменя, среди которых можно выявить формы с интрогрессией H. bulbosum и уже в первом поколении от их самоопыления отобрать линии H. vulgare, несущие генетический материал ячменя луковичного в обоих гомологах.

Background. Hordeum bulbosum L. is the only wild species of the genus Hordeum, the gene pool of which is successfully used in introgressive hybridization to increase the genetic diversity of H. vulgare L. When creating introgression forms based on hybrids of H. vulgare with H. bulbosum, it is necessary to take into consideration the ploidy of the parent species, and their genetic features that determine the intensity of the process of H. bulbosum chromosomes elimination in embryogenesis. The purpose of our investigation was to study the features associated with the elimination of bulbous barley chromosomes in embryos obtained in various combinations of crosses involving the tetraploid hybrid H. bulbosum with H. vulgare for its effective use in obtaining introgression lines of H. vulgare. Material and methods. The analysis was performed on 9-15 days old embryos obtained in crosses of the tetraploid hybrid F2 (H. bulbosum A17 (4x) × H. vulgare ‘Borwina’ (4x)) (HbHbHvHv) with ‘Igri’ (2x) and ‘Borwina’ (2x) barley varieties, with H. bulbosum A17 (4x), as well as during its self-pollination. The chromosomal composition of embryos of different ages was analyzed on squashed embryo slides using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Results. Among the 11-15 days old embryos obtained from self-pollination of the hybrid, approximately half of the studied ones were mixoploids, while in other embryos the majority of cells contained only the genomic material of H. vulgare. The elimination process was very intensive in crosses of the hybrid with the barley varieties ‘Igri’ (2x) and ‘Borwina’ (2x), and by day 10-11 after pollination cells containing only the genomic material of H. vulgare predominated in all embryos, regardless of the direction of crossing and the variety used. Hybrid embryos with a stable chromosomal composition resulted from a cross of a tetraploid hybrid with H. bulbosum A17 (4x). Embryos with recombinant H. vulgare chromosomes carrying alien genetic material of bulbous barley were identified in all types of crosses. Conclusion. The most efficient way for the mass production of introgression lines of cultivated barley varieties based on the partially fertile hybrid F2 (H. bulbosum A17 (4x) × H. vulgare ‘Borwina’ (4x)), is the crossing with varieties of H. vulgare (2x). The progeny from such crosses will contain only cultivated barley plants, among which it is possible to identify forms with the introgression of H. bulbosum and use already the first generation from their self-pollination for selecting H. vulgare lines carrying the genetic material of bulbous barley in both homologs.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.