bioselБиотехнология и селекция растенийPlant Biotechnology and Breeding2658-62662658-6258VIR10.30901/2658-6266-2023-4-o7biosel-201Research ArticleИЗУЧЕНИЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ РАСТЕНИЙ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ МЕТОДОВ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОЙ ГЕНЕТИКИSTUDY OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES USING MOLECULAR GENETICS METHODSИзучение молекулярных механизмов устойчивости винограда (Vitis vinifera L.) к низкотемпературному стрессуStudies of the molecular mechanisms of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) resistance to low-temperature stresshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7328-437XЕрастенковаМ. В.ErastenkovaM. V.

Мария Викторовна Ерастенкова, аспирант,  младший научный сотрудник, Лаборатория генетики, селекции и биотехнологии ягодных и декоративных культур, Отдел генетических ресурсов плодовых культур, ВИР

190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Maria V. Erastenkova, Postgraduate Student, Associate Researcher, Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology of Berry and Ornamental Crops, Department of Fruit Crops Genetic Resources,  VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia

merastenkova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-7662ТихоноваН. Г.TikhonovaN. G.

Надежда Геннадьевна Тихонова, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, Отдел генетических ресурсов плодовых культур, ВИР

190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Nadezhda G. Tikhonova, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher, Department of Fruit Crops Genetic Resources, VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia

n.g.tikhonova@vir.nw.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9366-0216УхатоваЮ. В.UkhatovaYu V.

Юлия Васильевна Ухатова, кандидат биологических наук, заместитель директора института по научно-организационной работе, ВИР; старший научный сотрудник, Университет «Сириус» 

190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44; 354340 Россия, Краснодарский край, федеральная территория Сириус, поселок городского типа Сириус, Олимпийский пр., д. 1

Yulia V. Ukhatova, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Deputy Director for Scientific and Organizational Work, VIR; Senior Researcher, Sirius University of Science and Technology

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia; 1, Olympic avenue, Sirius urban-type settlement, Sirius Federal Territory, Krasnodar region, 354340 Russia

y.ukhatova@vir.nw.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. ВавиловаРоссияN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова; Научно-технологический университет «Сириус»РоссияN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources; Sirius University of Science and TechnologyRussian Federation202322032024644860Copyright © Ерастенкова М.В., Тихонова Н.Г., Ухатова Ю.В., 20232023Ерастенкова М.В., Тихонова Н.Г., Ухатова Ю.В.Erastenkova M.V., Tikhonova N.G., Ukhatova Y.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/201

Абиотические стрессоры являются основными факторами, ограничивающими расширение территории виноградных насаждений. Промышленное виноградарство сконцентрировано на юге России и лимитируется климатическими факторами, которые не позволяют масштабно вести производство в других регионах страны.

В данном обзоре рассмотрены молекулярные механизмы резистентности к низкотемпературному стрессу, а также обсуждается роль основных генов, оказывающих влияние на способность выживать и акклиматизироваться во время критического понижения температуры.

Одним из наиболее изученных путей ответа на холодовой стресс является взаимодействие генов каскада ICE, CBF, COR, однако для более точного понимания требуются дополнительные исследования генов, ответственных за устойчивость к абиотическим факторам среды непосредственно у винограда. На основании анализа факторов транскрипции и связанных с ними генов ответа на низкотемпературный стресс у разных видов растений (арабидопсис, чай, апельсин, голубика и виноград) было идентифицировано четыре основных регулона: 1) CBF/DREB; 2) NAC/ZF-HD; 3) AREB/ABF; 4) MYC/MYB. Функции транскрипционных факторов и родственных им генов изучены у различных видов (арабидопсис, чай, апельсин, черника, виноград). Исследования продемонстрировали функцию гена HOS1, который негативно регулирует работу ICE1 (ключевого гена резистентности). В обзоре рассмотрены ключевые гены кандидаты, включающие защитные механизмы растений в ответ на понижение температуры у однолетних растений: ICE1, HOS1, SIZ1, MPK3, MPK6, семейства генов CBF, COR, RD29A, LTI78, ERD, LEA,  DREB1, ADREB1B, WRKY10, а также у многолетних культур: ICE1, CBF1, HSP70, SUS1, GST, DHN1, BMY5, BHLH102, GR-RBP3, ICE1, GOLS1, GOLS3; CBF; COR27, RD29B, NCED1, ERF105, ZAT10, SAP15, WRKY3, LEA.

До недавнего времени, для винограда ведущим методом получения холодоустойчивых сортов являлась межвидовая гибридизация. Основной донор устойчивости - Vitis amurensis Rupr. В последнее время активно развиваются исследования, направленные на разработку генетических основ устойчивости винограда к низким температурам. Так, проведенный сравнительный анализ транскриптомов двух контрастных по этому признаку видов: V. аmurensis, устойчивого к низким температурам, и V. vinifera L. с низкой холодостойкостью, позволил выявить три дополнительных гена кандидата с повышенной экспрессией в ответ на воздействие низких температур – CBF3, ERF105 и ZAT10. Вместе с тем, для практического применения методов современной ускоренной селекции, необходимо выявить дополнительные ключевые гены, ответственные за устойчивость к низкотемпературному стрессу. В качестве генов-кандидатов выбраны компоненты из каскада последовательно экспрессирующихся генов ICE – CBF – COR (ICE1, ICE2, CBF1, CBF2, CBF3, HOS1).

Abiotic stressors are the main factors limiting the expansion of territories occupied by grape plantations. Industrial viticulture is concentrated in the south of Russia and is limited by climatic factors that do not allow large-scale production in other regions of the country.

The present review considers the molecular mechanisms of resistance to low-temperature stress and discusses the role of the main genes determining the ability of plants to survive and acclimatize during a critical temperature drop.

One of the most studied ways of responding to cold stress is the interaction of genes in the ICE-CBF-COR cascade, however, a more accurate understanding of the genes responsible for resistance to abiotic environments specifically in grapes requires additional studies. A series of studies of functions of transcription factors and related genes of response to low-temperature stress in various species (Arabidopsis, tea, orange, blueberry, and grape) have identified four main regulons: 1) CBF/DREB, 2) NAC/ZF-HD, 3) AREB/ABF, and 4) MYC/MYB. Studies have demonstrated the function of the HOS1 gene, which negatively regulates the work of ICE1 (a key resistance factor). The review considers candidate genes in various species of annual plants: ICE1, HOS1, SIZ1, MPK3, MPK6, in families of genes: CBF, COR, RD 29A, LTI78, ERD, LEA; DREB1, ADREB1B; WRKY10, and in perennial crops: ICE1, CBF1, HSP70, SUS1, GST, DHN1, BMY5, BHLH102, GR-RBP3, ICE1, GOLS1, GOLS3; CBF; COR27, RD29B, NCED1, ERF105, ZAT10, SAP15, WRKY3, and LEA.

Until recently, interspecific hybridization was the leading method for obtaining cold-resistant grape varieties. The main donor of resistance is V. аmurensis Rupr. Recently, the research focused on the genetic basis of grape resistance to low temperatures is actively developing. For instance, a comparative analysis of the transcriptomes of two species contrasting in this trait, i.e. V. amurensis, resistant to low temperatures, and V. vinifera L. with low cold resistance, made it possible to identify three additional candidate genes with an increased expression in response to exposure to low temperatures, namely CBF3, ERF105 and ZAT10. At the same time, the practical application of modern accelerated breeding methods requires the identification of all additional key genes responsible for resistance to low-temperature stress. The components from the cascade of sequentially expressing ICE–CBF–COR genes (ICE1, ICE2, CBF1, CBF2, CBF3, and HOS1) have been selected as candidate genes.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.