bioselБиотехнология и селекция растенийPlant Biotechnology and Breeding2658-62662658-6258VIR10.30901/2658-6266-2023-4-o9biosel-211Research ArticleИЗУЧЕНИЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ РАСТЕНИЙ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ МЕТОДОВ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОЙ ГЕНЕТИКИSTUDY OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES USING MOLECULAR GENETICS METHODSГены холодоустойчивости плодовых культурCold resistance genes of fruit cropshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1200-3113РахмангуловР. С.RakhmangulovR. S.

Руслан Султанович Рахмангулов, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией, Лаборатория генетики, селекции и биотехнологии ягодных и декоративных культур, Отдел генетических ресурсов плодовых культур, ВИР

190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Ruslan S. Rakhmangulov, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher, Head of the Laboratory, Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology of Berry and Ornamental Crops, Department of Fruit Crops Genetic Resources,  VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia

r.rakhmangulov@vir.nw.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7793-9823БарабановИ. В.BarabanovI. V.

Иван Владимирович Барабанов, младший научный сотрудник, Лаборатория генетики, селекции и биотехнологии ягодных и декоративных культур, Отдел генетических ресурсов плодовых культур, ВИР

190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Ivan V. Barabanov, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology of Berry and Ornamental Crops, Department of Fruit Crops Genetic Resources, VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia

i.barabanov@vir.nw.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9055-0986ИвановА. А.IvanovA. A.

Александр Александрович Иванов, младший научный сотрудник, Лаборатория генетики, селекции и биотехнологии ягодных и декоративных культур, Отдел генетических ресурсов плодовых культур, ВИР

190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Aleksandr A. Ivanov, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology of Berry and Ornamental Crops, Department of Fruit Crops Genetic Resources, VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000, Russia

a.ivanov@vir.nw.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. ВавиловаРоссияN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesRussian Federation202330042024648292Copyright © Рахмангулов Р.С., Барабанов И.В., Иванов А.А., 20232023Рахмангулов Р.С., Барабанов И.В., Иванов А.А.Rakhmangulov R.S., Barabanov I.V., Ivanov A.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/211

Плодовые культуры – незаменимый источник необходимых нутриентов, макро- и микроэлементов, витаминов, органических кислот, антиоксидантов. Сегодня подавляющая часть предложения на рынке плодов обеспечивается зарубежными производителями. Замещение импорта и удовлетворение запроса населения Российской Федерации на потребление плодов силами отечественного агропромышленного комплекса невозможно без расширения географии посевных площадей, в том числе и в зоны рискованного земледелия, что требует выведения морозостойких (холодоустойчивых) сортов плодовых культур. Применение в селекционной работе современных биотехнологических и молекулярно-генетических методов позволит повысить рентабельность плодоводства за счет снижения сроков получения растений с требуемыми признаками и возможности комплексной оценки перспективности генотипов родительских форм.

В обзоре рассмотрены современные данные по генам устойчивости плодовых и ягодных культур к низким температурам, в том числе охарактеризованы гены, кодирующие ключевые рецепторы, сигнальные, эффекторные белки, факторы транскрипции у яблони, груши, персика, ананаса, земляники. Приведены известные механизмы их работы, активации, регуляции, описаны сигнальные каскады.

Fruit crops are an irreplaceable source of essential nutrients, macro- and microelements, vitamins, organic acids, and antioxidants. Today, the overwhelming part of fruit supply in the market is provided by foreign producers. Import substitution and meeting the demand of the Russian Federation population for fruit consumption by the domestic agro-industrial complex is impossible without expanding the geography of cultivation areas, including those in zones of risky agriculture, which requires breeding of frost-resistant (cold-resistant) cultivars (fruit crops). Application of modern biotechnological and molecular genetic methods in breeding work will increase the profitability of fruit growing by reducing the time required for obtaining plants with the desired traits and by complex evaluation of the prospects of genotypes of parental forms. The present review considers modern data on cold tolerance genes of various fruit and berry crops, summarizes the known mechanisms of their action, activation, and regulation.

The review considers modern data on genes of fruit and berry crops resistance to low temperatures, including characterization of genes encoding key receptors, signaling, effector proteins, and transcription factors in apple, pear, peach, pineapple, and strawberry. The known mechanisms of their operation, activation, regulation are given, and signaling cascades are described.

гены устойчивости к низкотемпературному стрессуплодовые культурытранскрипционные факторыкриопротекторыморозостойкостьхолодостойкостьзимостойкостьcold resistance genesfruit cropstranscription factorscryoprotectantsfrost resistancecold tolerancewinter hardinessСтатья подготовлена в рамках государственного задания (№ FGEM-2022-0011 «Разработка подходов ускоренной селекции для улучшения хозяйственно ценных признаков декоративных и ягодных культур».The article was prepared as part of the State Assignment to VIR in accordance with the R&D Thematic Plan Topic No. FGEM-2022-0011 “Development of accelerated breeding approaches to the improvement of economically important traits of ornamental and berry cropsˮ.ReferencesАкимов М.Ю., Макаров М.Н., Жбанова Е.В. Роль плодов и ягод в обеспечении человека жизненно важными биологически активными веществами. Достижения науки и техники АПК. 2019;33(2):56-60. DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2019-10214Akimov M.Yu., Makarov V.N., Zhbanova E.V. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.