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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biosel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Биотехнология и селекция растений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant Biotechnology and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-6266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6258</issn><publisher><publisher-name>VIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2658-6266-2024-2-o3</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biosel-222</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАЗВИТИЕ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ МЕТОДОВ СЕЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN BREEDING METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Принципы селекции ржи с низким содержанием водорастворимых пентозанов в зерне</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Principles of rye breeding for low content of water-soluble pentosans in grain</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3117-6693</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солодухина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solodukhina</surname><given-names>O V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Владимировна Солодухина, доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, отдел генетики, ВИР</p><p>Россия, 190031 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Solodukhina, Dr. Sci. (Biology) Leading Researcher, Department of Genetics, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190031 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">osolodukhina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Солодухина О.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Солодухина О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Solodukhina O.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/222">https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/222</self-uri><abstract><p>Озимая рожь – вторая после пшеницы хлебная культура. По питательной ценности белка превосходит другие зерновые культуры за счет высокого содержания лизина, метионина, валина и сбалансированности по другим незаменимым аминокислотам. Прямое использование зерна хлебопекарной ржи на корм животным ограничивают содержащиеся в нем водорастворимые пентозаны (арабиноксиланы). Поэтому создание низкопентозановой ржи с высокопитательным зерном – перспективное направление в селекции зернофуражных сортов. Под руководством и при непосредственном участии В.Д. Кобылянского в ВИР имени Н.И. Вавилова за период 2004-2021 годов разработана технология селекции низкопентозановой ржи универсального использования. Выявлена связь пониженного содержания пентозанов с тонкопокровностью зерен. Предложен эффективный метод идентификации низкопентозановых генотипов по признаку тонкопокровности зерновок. Этим методом исследованы 562 образца из коллекции ВИР, представленные популяциями сортовой, сорно-полевой и дикорастущей ржи. Установлено, что количество тонкопокровных зерен, в зависимости от образца, варьирует от 12 до 70%. Сорта, имеющие наибольшую частоту низкопентозановых генотипов, могут служить исходным материалом для селекции. Установлена зависимость низкого содержания водорастворимых пентозанов в зерне от экспрессии рецессивных аллелей гена/генов, ответственных за проявление признака. Для создания зернофуражных сортов предложено использовать метод накопительных внутрипопуляционных скрещиваний и метод попарного переопыления растений с индикаторными колосьями. Созданы популяционные сорта низкопентозановой ржи универсального использования: ‘Вавиловскаяʼ, ‘Берегиняʼ, ‘Подарокʼ ‘Янтарнаяʼ, ‘Красноярская универсальнаяʼ, ‘Новая Эраʼ и ‘Арга’. Эти сорта характеризуются низким, как у пшеницы, содержанием пентозанов. Они прошли оценку в основных зонах выращивания ржи, испытаны в качестве сырья для кормопроизводства и хлебопечения и не уступают по урожайности ранее районированным (хлебопекарным) сортам. Хлебопекарные свойства новых сортов не выходят за пределы аналогичных показателей у хлебопекарной ржи. Использование низкопентозановых сортов в рационах животных снимает проблему, существующую в случае кормления зерном хлебопекарной ржи.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Winter rye is the second cereal crop after wheat. Rye exceeds other cereals in terms of nutritional value due to the high content of lysine, methionine, valine, as well as the balance of other essential amino acids in its protein. The direct use of baking rye grain as an animal feed is limited by the presence of water-soluble pentosans (arabinoxylans) in it. Therefore, the creation of low-pentosan rye with highly nutritious grain is a very perspective direction in the grain feed cultivar breeding. Under the leadership and with direct participation of Vladimir D. Kobylyansky, a technology for breeding multiple-use low-pentosan rye was worked out at the N.I. Vavilov VIR in 2004-2021. A relationship between the low pentosan content and grain coat thinness has been revealed. For the first time, an effective method of low-pentosan genotypes identification by selecting thin-coat grains has been developed. This method was used to study 562 accessions from the VIR collection represented by cultivar populations, weedy and wild rye. It has been established that the number of thin-coat grains in a sample varies from 12 to 70%, depending on the accession. Varieties with the highest frequencies of low-pentosan genotypes can be used as initial material for breeding. The dependence of low content of water-soluble pentosans in grains on the expression of recessive alleles of the gene/genes responsible for the manifestation of the trait has been revealed. To create grain feed cultivars, it is proposed to use the method of cumulative intrapopulation crosses and the method of pairwise cross-pollinations of the plants with indicator ears. As a result, new cultivar populations of low-pentosan rye for universal use have been created, namely ‘Vavilovskayaʼ, ‘Bereginyaʼ, ‘Podarokʼ, ‘Yantarnayaʼ, ‘Krasnoyarskaya Universalnayaʼ, ‘Novaya Eraʼ, and ‘Argaʼ. These cultivars are characterized by a low, as in wheat, genetically determined content of pentosans. They have been evaluated in the main rye growing regions, tested as raw material for fodder production and bread baking, and found to match the previously released commercial (bread) cultivars in terms of yield. The baking properties of new cultivars do not exceed those of bread rye. The use of low-pentosan cultivars in animal diets eliminates the problem that exists when feeding them with bread rye grain. These cultivars have no analogs in the world; they are listed in the State Register for Selection Achievements Admitted for Usage (2023).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Secale cereale</kwd><kwd>водорастворимые арабиноксиланы</kwd><kwd>генотипическая изменчивость</kwd><kwd>структура оболочки зерна</kwd><kwd>создание сортов универсального использования</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Secale cereale</kwd><kwd>water-soluble arabinoxylans</kwd><kwd>genotypic variability</kwd><kwd>grain coat structure</kwd><kwd>creation of cultivars for universal use</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания согласно тематическому плану ВИР по проекту FGEM-2022-0009 «Структурирование и раскрытие потенциала наследственной изменчивости мировой коллекции зерновых и крупяных культур ВИР для развития оптимизированного генбанка и рационального использования в селекции и растениеводстве».</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The research was performed within the framework of the State Assignment according to the Thematic Plan of VIR, Project No. FGEM-2022-0009 “Structuring and disclosing the potential of hereditary variation in the global collection of cereal and groat crops at VIR for the development of an optimized genebank and its sustainable utilization in plant breeding and crop production”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boros D. 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