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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biosel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Биотехнология и селекция растений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant Biotechnology and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-6266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6258</issn><publisher><publisher-name>VIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2658-6266-2019-2-24-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biosel-23</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эффективность метода возвратных скрещиваний в дигаплоидной селекции кукурузы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Efficiency of the backcrossing method in dihaploid maize breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1204-410X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлов</surname><given-names>М. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailov</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>MD2002, Молдова, Кишинев, ул. Лесная, 20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>20 Lesnaya St., Chisinau MD2002, Moldova</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mihailov-me@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт генетики, физиологии и защиты растений<country>Молдова</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection<country>Moldova, Republic of</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>08</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Михайлов М.Э., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Михайлов М.Э.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mikhailov M.E.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/23">https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/23</self-uri><abstract><p>Дигаплоидные (DH) линии, получаемые удвоением генома гаплоидов, широко применяются в селекции многих культур, так как позволяют в сжатые сроки переводить варианты генов в гомозиготное состояние. Однако в селекции кукурузы преимущества дигаплоидов используются еще не в полной мере. В настоящей работе дана оценка эффективности метода возвратных скрещиваний и получили дальнейшее развитие оригинальные авторские схемы, направленные на создание максимально продуктивной гомозиготной линии кукурузы на основе DH‑линий, полученных из межлинейного гибрида F1. Исходный материал – линии кукурузы Rf7 и Ку123. Цикл селекции состоял в получении гаплоидов из выбранного генотипа (матроклинная гаплоидия с применением индуктора), последующем удвоении хромосом (с помощью колхицина или спонтанном) и размножении полученных дигаплоидов для получения нового набора DH‑линий. В первом цикле DH‑линии получали из гибрида F1 (Rf7 × Ку123), а в следующих циклах – из генотипов, полученных скрещиванием выбранной DH‑линии предыдущего цикла с F1, P1 или P2. Выполнены три цикла селекции на продуктивность, в 2017 году проведено одновременное полевое испытание DH‑линий всех циклов. Селекционный прогресс оценивали по приросту продуктивности первого початка в сравнении с лучшим родителем Rf7 (103,9 г/растение в 2017 году). В результате первого цикла селекции на основе гибрида F1 получены 43 DH‑линии, продуктивность лучшей из них (rk‑5) составила 112,5 г/раст. Три линии (rk‑6, rk‑5 и rk‑22), отобранные для следующего цикла, затем были скрещены с F1 либо с родительской линией Rf7. Во втором цикле селекции получены серии из 41, 49 и 16 линий соответственно. Продуктивность лучших генотипов составила 121,2, 117,0 и 107,1 г/раст. Третий цикл включал популяции из 24 и 8 линий, полученных на основе возвратных скрещиваний с линиями Rf7 и Ку123 соответственно. Лучшие генотипы этих серий характеризовались продуктивностью 135,6 и 97,7 г/раст. В результате селекции получена линия rk‑433, на 30,5% превосходящая по продуктивности лучшего родителя Rf7. Селекционный прогресс составил в среднем 10,2% за цикл. В дигаплоидной селекции кукурузы перспективно использование возвратных скрещиваний отобранных DH‑линий из разных циклов с исходным материалом или с F1. При таком методе заметный прогресс возможен и при небольшом объеме циклов, включающих от 20 до 50 DH‑линий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The doubled haploid (DH) lines, obtained by doubling the haploid genome, are now widely used in breeding many crops, since they allow to transfer gene variants to the homozygous state in a short time. However, the advantages of doubled haploids are not fully utilized in maize breeding. The present work is devoted to the evaluation of the backcrossing method efficiency and to further development of the original schemes of creating highly productive homozygous maize lines on the basis of DH lines originating from an interline F1 hybrid. Rf7 and Ku123 maize lines were used as the initial material. The breeding cycle consisted of producing haploid plants in the selected genotype (matroclinic haploidy using an inducer), subsequent chromosome doubling (colchicine‑induced or spontaneous), followed by multiplication of the doubled haploids for obtaining a new set of DH lines. In the first cycle, the DH lines were obtained from the F1 hybrid (Rf7 × Ku123), while in the subsequent cycles they were obtained from the genotypes obtained by crossing a DH line selected from the previous cycle with F1, P1 or P2. Three cycles of selection for productivity were performed, and in 2017 the DH lines obtained in all cycles were simultaneously tested in the field. The breeding progress was estimated by the increase in the first ear productivity compared to the best parent Rf7 (103.9 g per plant in 2017). The first selection cycle resulted in 43 DH lines obtained on the basis of the F1 hybrid. Productivity of the best line rk‑5 amounted to 112.5 g per plant. Three lines (rk‑6, rk‑5 and rk‑22) selected for the next cycle were further crossed with F1 or with the parental line Rf7. The second selection cycle yielded three series containing 41, 49 and 16 lines, while productivity of the best genotypes was 121.2, 117.0 и 107.1 g per plant, respectively. The third cycle included populations of 24 and 8 lines obtained through backcrosses with Rf7 and Ku123 lines, respectively. The best genotypes in these series had productivity of 135.6 and 97.7 g per plant. As a result of selection, the obtained rk‑433 line had a productivity 30.5% higher than that of the best parent Rf7. The progress averaged 10.2% per cycle. In maize breeding using doubled haploids it is promising to use backcrosses of the selected DH lines with the initial material or with F1. Thanks to such an approach, a noticeable progress can be reached with a small number of cycles including from 20 to 50 DH lines.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>удвоенные гаплоиды</kwd><kwd>кукуруза</kwd><kwd>дигаплоидная селекция</kwd><kwd>благоприятные аллели</kwd><kwd>продуктивность</kwd><kwd>инбредные линии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>doubled haploids</kwd><kwd>maize</kwd><kwd>doubled haploid breeding</kwd><kwd>favorable alleles</kwd><kwd>grain yield</kwd><kwd>inbred lines</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bakhtiar F, Afshari F, Najafian G, Mohammadi M (2014) Backcross-breeding and doubled-haploid facilitated introgression of stripe rust resistance in bread wheat. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 47 (14): 1675–1685. 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