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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biosel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Биотехнология и селекция растений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant Biotechnology and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-6266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6258</issn><publisher><publisher-name>VIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2658-6266-2024-2-o6</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biosel-233</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ РАСТЕНИЙ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ МЕТОДОВ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОЙ ГЕНЕТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STUDY OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES USING MOLECULAR GENETICS METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Полиморфизм ДНК в локусах, связанных с адаптацией ячменя к условиям окружающей среды, при сравнении выборок семян из археологических раскопов XII века с образцами из коллекции ВИР различного географического происхождения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>DNA polymorphism in loci associated with the adaptation of barley to environmental conditions, when comparing seed samples from archaeological excavations of the 12th century with the VIR collection accessions of different geographical origin</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7275-3878</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семилет</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semilet</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Вячеславовна Семилет, младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория постгеномных исследований, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana V. Semilet, Junior Research Associate, Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t.semilet@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1958-5008</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Швачко</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shvachko</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталия Альбертовна Швачко, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующая, лаборатория постгеномных исследований, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia A. Shvachko, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, Head, Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.shvachko@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3990-6526</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалева</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovaleva</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Николаевна Ковалева, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, отдел генетических ресурсов растений овса, ржи, ячменя, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga N. Kovaleva, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, Department of Genetic Resources of Oats, Rye, Barley, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.kovaleva@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7590-3173</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шипилина</surname><given-names>Л. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shipilina</surname><given-names>L. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лилия Юрьевна Шипилина, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория мониторинга биоресурсов и археоботаники, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liliya Yu. Shipilina, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of bioresources monitoring and archaeobotany, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">l.shipilina@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8470-8254</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хлесткина</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khlestkina</surname><given-names>E. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Константиновна Хлесткина, доктор биологических наук, профессор РАН, директор, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena K. Khlestkina, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Director, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">director@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>67</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Семилет Т.В., Швачко Н.А., Ковалева О.Н., Шипилина Л.Ю., Хлесткина Е.К., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Семилет Т.В., Швачко Н.А., Ковалева О.Н., Шипилина Л.Ю., Хлесткина Е.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Semilet T.V., Shvachko N.A., Kovaleva O.N., Shipilina L.Y., Khlestkina E.K.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/233">https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/233</self-uri><abstract><p>При изучении полиморфизма ДНК древних семян, имевших значение для жизнедеятельности человека, найденных в ходе археологических раскопок, и сравнении их с современными образцами, можно, в зависимости от эволюционной значимости/нейтральности выявляемых отличий, либо находить следы адаптации форм, используемых в древности, к неблагоприятным условиям окружающей среды, либо уточнять происхождение образцов, получая дополнительные свидетельства о торгово-экономических связях между разными регионами в разные эпохи. Целью настоящей работы было изучить полиморфизм ДНК при сравнении семян ячменя XII века из Усвятского городища Псковской области и образцов из коллекции ВИР различного географического происхождения при использовании данных секвенирования последовательностей генов CHI и ELF3. Из 18 полиморфных SNP-локусов, выявленных в изучаемых генах при анализе исследуемой выборки ячменя, для семи SNP удалось ресеквенировать контекстные последовательности в образцах древней ДНК. Выявленные аллельные изменения в данных семи SNP-локусах являются нейтральными, не приводят к заменам аминокислот, поэтому могут использоваться для сравнительного анализа происхождения образцов. Гаплотип, установленный у древнего ячменя по изученным семи SNP, не совпал полностью ни с одним из исследованных образцов коллекции ВИР. Вместе с тем, по редко встречающимся аллелям выявлено сходство с белорусским сортом ‘Криничный’, а по часто встречающимся аллелям – с несколькими образцами H.vulgare L. разного происхождения (Швеция, Дания, Армения), а также с H. spontaneum (K. Koch) Thell.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>When studying the DNA polymorphism of ancient seeds from archaeological excavations, and comparing them with modern ones, it is possible, depending on the evolutionary significance/neutrality of the identified differences, to either find traces of adaptation of genotypes used in ancient times to unfavorable environmental conditions, or to clarify the origin of the samples, establishing additional evidence of trade and economic ties between different regions in different eras. The purpose of this work was to study the DNA polymorphism by comparing the 12th-century barley seeds from the Usvyaty settlement of the Pskov Region and VIR collection accessions of different geographical origin using the CHI and ELF3 gene fragments sequencing data. Of the 18 polymorphic SNP loci identified in the studied genes during the analysis of the barley samples under study, seven SNPs were from the regions amenable for resequencing in ancient DNA samples. The identified allelic changes in those seven SNP loci were neutral and did not lead to amino acid substitutions, therefore they can be used for a comparative analysis of the sample origin. The haplotype revealed in ancient barley based on the seven studied SNPs did not completely coincide with any of the studied accessions from the VIR collection. At the same time, rare alleles showed similarities with a Belarusian cultivar ‘Krinichny’, and the frequently occurring ones with several accessions of H. vulgare L. of different origin (Sweden, Denmark, Armenia), as well as with H. spontaneum (K. Koch) Thell.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>SNP</kwd><kwd>биологическая коллекция</kwd><kwd>ген CHI</kwd><kwd>ген ELF3</kwd><kwd>древняя ДНК</kwd><kwd>отбор</kwd><kwd>палеоботаника</kwd><kwd>палеогенетика</kwd><kwd>секвенирование</kwd><kwd>ячмень</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>SNP</kwd><kwd>biological collection</kwd><kwd>CHI gene</kwd><kwd>ELF3  gene</kwd><kwd>ancient DNA</kwd><kwd>selection</kwd><kwd>paleobotany</kwd><kwd>paleogenetics</kwd><kwd>sequencing</kwd><kwd>barley</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена в рамках темы НИР № 0481-2022-0007 «Выявление новых генетических маркеров селекционно значимых свойств и новых аллельных вариантов хозяйственно ценных генов в генофонде культурных растений и их диких родичей при помощи геномных и постгеномных технологий».</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The work was carried out within the framework of research topic No. 0481-2022-0007 “Identification of new genetic markers of properties of importance for breeding and new allelic variants of economically valuable genes in the gene pool of cultivated plants and their wild relatives using genomic and post-genomic technologies”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boden S.A., Weiss D., Ross J.J., Davies N.W., Trevaskis B., Chandler P.M., Swain S.M. 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