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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biosel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Биотехнология и селекция растений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant Biotechnology and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-6266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6258</issn><publisher><publisher-name>VIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2658-6266-2019-2-33-43</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biosel-24</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР (МЕТОДИЧЕСКАЯ СТАТЬЯ)</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Кок‑сагыз (Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin): методы выделения каучука и перспективы использования биотехнологических подходов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian dandelion (Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin): rubber extraction methods and prospects for biotechnological methods application</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1564-164X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулуев</surname><given-names>Б. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuluev</surname><given-names>B. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>450054, Россия, Уфа, пр. Октября, д. 71</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>71 Prospect Oktyabrya, Ufa 450054, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kuluev@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минченков</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minchenkov</surname><given-names>N. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>450077, Россия, Уфа, ул. Достоевского, д. 67</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>67 Dostoevsky St., Ufa 450077, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2789-174X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гумерова</surname><given-names>Г. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gumerova</surname><given-names>G. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>450054, Россия, Уфа, пр. Октября, д. 71</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>71 Prospect Oktyabrya, Ufa 450054, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт биохимии и генетики Уфимского Федерального исследовательского центра РАН</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Research Center of RAS</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Гимназия № 39</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ufa Gymnasium No. 39</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>08</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>33</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кулуев Б.Р., Минченков Н.Д., Гумерова Г.Р., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кулуев Б.Р., Минченков Н.Д., Гумерова Г.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuluev B.R., Minchenkov N.D., Gumerova G.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/24">https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/24</self-uri><abstract><p>Натуральный каучук является стратегическим природным сырьем, который широко применяется при производстве шин, военной техники, в медицине и в других отраслях. Около 90% добычи каучука высокого качества приходится на Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg. Однако этот природный источник каучука весьма уязвим к грибным заболеваниям. Синтетический каучук уступает по физико‑химическим и механическим свойствам натуральному, в связи с чем существует необходимость в поиске альтернативных источников данного сырья. Наиболее перспективным альтернативным гевее каучуконосом является одуванчик кок‑сагыз (Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin). В его корнях накапливается каучук, не уступающий по качеству гевейному, содержание которого у высокопродуктивных линий достигает 27% к сухой массе корней. В связи с этим целью данной статьи является описание хозяйственно ценных компонентов T. kok-saghyz, некоторых методов выделения натурального каучука из корней этого растения, а также подходов по микроклональному размножению и генетической трансформации кок‑сагыза и близких видов. В СССР в середине XX века в основе промышленного метода выделения каучука из кок‑сагыза лежала предварительная обработка корней 2% раствором щелочи, которая может оказывать негативное влияние на качество каучука. Поэтому разработка новых, но в то же время недорогих промышленных методов выделения каучука из корней кок‑сагыза весьма актуальна. Одновременно в некоторых странах мира ведется селекционная работа, направленная на увеличение как размеров корней кок‑сагыза, так и содержания каучука в них. В связи с этим возникает необходимость в разработке лабораторных экспресс‑методов выделения каучука. Нами был отработан и оптимизирован лабораторный метод выделения каучука из сухой растительной ткани при помощи воды и ацетона, с финальной экстракцией гексаном. Разработанный нами протокол экстракции каучука показал результаты, сопоставимые с литературными данными. Для выведения более продуктивных форм проводятся также эксперименты по микроклональному размножению и генетической трансформации кок‑сагыза, однако число таких работ пока небольшое, что, видимо, связано с низкими регенерационными способностями данного вида одуванчиков.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Natural rubber is a strategic natural raw material, which is used in the production of tires and military equipment, in medicine and other industries. An alternative to Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg. and the most promising rubber plant is the Russian dandelion (Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin). The rubber that accumulates in the roots of this dandelion is not inferior in quality to the natural rubber from H. brasiliensis, and its content reaches 27% of the dry weight of roots. The purpose of this paper is to describe the economically important components of T. kok-saghyz roots, the main methods for extracting natural rubber from the roots, as well as the approaches to micropropagation and genetic transformation of kok-saghyz and related species. In the middle of the 20th century, the industrial method of isolating rubber from Russian dandelion in the USSR was based on preliminary treatment of the roots with a 2% solution of alkali, which could negatively affect rubber quality. Therefore, it is important to develop new, rapid, but at the same time, inexpensive methods of rubber extraction from T. koksaghyz. Some of them are considered in this paper. The breeding of Russian dandelion should be aimed at both increasing the root size and the content of rubber. In this regard, the development of laboratory express methods for rubber extraction is also important. The authors have developed and optimized a method for extracting rubber from dry plant tissue using polar solvents (water and acetone), with the final extraction with a non‑polar solvent (hexane). The developed rubber extraction protocol showed results comparable to the literature data. In order to create more productive plant forms, experiments are also being conducted on T. kok-saghyz micropropagation and genetic transformation. However, the number of such works is still very small, probably due to the low regenerative abilities of this dandelion species.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>натуральный каучук</kwd><kwd>Taraxacum kok-saghyz</kwd><kwd>инулин</kwd><kwd>экстракция каучука</kwd><kwd>микроклональное размножение</kwd><kwd>волосовидные корни</kwd><kwd>трансгенные растения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>natural rubber</kwd><kwd>Taraxacum kok-saghyz</kwd><kwd>inulin</kwd><kwd>rubber extraction</kwd><kwd>micropropagation</kwd><kwd>hairy roots</kwd><kwd>transgenic plants</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Интерес к данной тематике вызван проводимыми исследованиями по теме государственного задания № AAAA-A19-119021190011-0.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bae TW, Park HR, Kwak YS, Lee HY, Ryu SB (2005) Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of a medicinal plant Taraxacum platycarpum. 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