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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biosel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Биотехнология и селекция растений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant Biotechnology and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-6266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6258</issn><publisher><publisher-name>VIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2658-6266-2024-3-o6</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biosel-241</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОХРАНЕНИЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ РАСТЕНИЙ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПОДХОДОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CONSERVATION OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES USING BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Всхожесть семян сои после низкотемпературного хранения и её зависимость от погодно-климатических условий в местах репродукции образцов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Germination of soybean seeds after low-temperature storage and its dependence on weather and climate conditions in the places of reproduction of accessions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3308-9198</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сеферова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Seferova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Владимировна Сеферова, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, отдел генетических ресурсов зерновых бобовых культур, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Seferova, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, Department of Grain Legume Crop Genetic Resources, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.seferova@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8419-1518</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филипенко</surname><given-names>Г. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filipenko</surname><given-names>G. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галина Ивановна Филипенко, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, исполняющая обязанности заведующего, лаборатория долгосрочного хранения генетических ресурсов, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina I. Filipenko, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Acting Head, Laboratory of Long-Term Storage of Genetic Resources, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">g.filipenko@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6316-3232</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Забегаева</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zabegayeva</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Николаевна Забегаева, старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория долгосрочного хранения генетических ресурсов, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga N. Zabegayeva, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Long-Term Storage of Genetic Resources, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.zabegaeva@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1510-8546</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бойко</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boyko</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Петрович Бойко, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, директор филиала, ВИР, Адлерская опытная станция – филиал ВИР</p><p>354340 Россия, Сочи, ул. Ленина, 95</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander P. Boyko, Dr. Sci. (Agriculture), Director of the branch, VIR, Adler Experiment Station, a branch of VIR</p><p>Sochi, Krasnodar Territory, 354340, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aos.vir@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7332-1209</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Некрасов</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nekrasov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Юрьевич Некрасов, старший научный сотрудник, ВИР, Кубанская опытная станция – филиал ВИР</p><p>352183 Россия, Краснодарский край, Гулькевичский район, пос. Ботаника, ул. Центральная, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander Yu. Nekrasov, Leading Researcher, VIR, Kuban Experiment Station, a branch of VIR</p><p>Botanika settlement, Gulkevichsky District, Krasnodar Territory, 352183 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kos.vir.nekrasov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4051-3671</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новикова</surname><given-names>Л. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikova</surname><given-names>L. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Любовь Юрьевна Новикова, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник, заведующая, отдел автоматизированных информационных систем генетических ресурсов растений, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyubov Yu. Novikova, Dr. Sci. (Agriculture), Senior Researcher, Head, Department of Automated Information Systems of Plant Genetic Resources, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">l.novikova@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова, Адлерская опытная станция – филиал ВИР</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР), Кубанская опытная станция – филиал ВИР</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сеферова И.В., Филипенко Г.И., Забегаева О.Н., Бойко А.П., Некрасов А.Ю., Новикова Л.Ю., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сеферова И.В., Филипенко Г.И., Забегаева О.Н., Бойко А.П., Некрасов А.Ю., Новикова Л.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Seferova I.V., Filipenko G.I., Zabegayeva O.N., Boyko A.P., Nekrasov A.Y., Novikova L.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/241">https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/241</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Соя (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) является микробиотиком и при хранении семян в неконтролируемых условиях при комнатных температурах быстро утрачивает всхожесть, что определяет необходимость сохранения коллекционных образцов с использованием специальных приемов. Хранение при низких температурах (НХ) позволяет сохранить высокую всхожесть семян, но не в случае всех образцов. Это делает актуальным оценку результатов многолетнего сохранения образцов сои в Генбанке ВИР и предпринимаемую нами попытку определения лучших географических условий для их репродукции и получения семян, используемых для НХ. Материалы и методы. Работа выполнена на 312 образцах сои коллекции ВИР, происхождение которых охватывает практически весь ареал культивирования сои. Репродукция образцов осуществлялась на трех опытных станциях ВИР: Адлерской опытной станции, Кубанской опытной станции (Краснодарский край) и на Дальневосточной опытной станции (Приморский край). Использованы семена, полученные в период с 1999 по 2017 год, заложенные на НХ с 2002 по 2021 год. Семена хранили в запаянных ламинированных пакетах из алюминиевой фольги при температуре –10°С. Выемка образцов из НХ и оценка всхожести выполнена в 2022 году. Результаты. Всхожесть семян на момент закладки (Gi) составляла от 12 до 100% (среднее значение 79,1%), итоговая всхожесть (Gr) – от 1 до 97% (среднее 57,8%). Сохранение всхожести оценивали по индексу всхожести (GI=Gr/Gi), варьирующему от 0,02 до 1,73, при среднем значении 0,72. Все показатели всхожести в наблюдаемом нами диапазоне до 20 лет хранения не имели связи с продолжительностью хранения и с числом лет до закладки (в нашем опыте 0,5-4 года). Климатические условия в месте репродукции образцов оказали достоверное влияние на всхожесть до и после хранения, но не на GI. Средняя всхожесть перед закладкой семян, урожая АдлОС и КОС, не различалась достоверно (77,4% и 75,7%), а для семян, полученных на ДВОС была достоверно выше (84,0%). Всхожесть после хранения образцов ДВОС (64,3%) также была больше, чем таковых КОС (52,2%) и АдлОС (57,2%). Проявляющаяся в отдельные годы на всех станциях избыточно высокая сумма температур выше 10°C снижает Gi, Gr, но мало влияет на GI. Наиболее высокие значения начальной, итоговой всхожести и GI имели образцы, созревающие за 101–120 дней. Досушивание наиболее позднеспелых образцов (созревающих позднее 140 дней) в снопах под навесом позволяет получать семена с высокой всхожестью, хорошо переносящие НХ. Заключение. Семена разных мест репродукции различались по всхожести до и после НХ, и, в среднем, наивысшие значения характеризовали семена, полученные на Дальневосточной опытной станции, где температурный режим ближе к оптимальному для сои. Индекс всхожести семян показал относительную независимость от условий репродукции образцов, в том числе от климатических и погодных условий, а также от начальной всхожести и срока хранения семян.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is a microbiotic whose seeds quickly lose germination in uncontrolled conditions at room temperatures. This determines the need to preserve accessions in special conditions. Low temperature storage (LTS) allows to maintain high seed germination ability, but not for all accessions. Therefore, it is relevant to assess the results of LTS at the VIR Genebank and to make an attempt to determine the best geographical conditions for growing plants and harvesting seeds that will be subjected to LTS. Materials and methods. The work was carried out on 312 soybean accessions from the VIR collection, originating from almost the entire area of soybean cultivation. The accessions used in the research were reproduced at three VIR experiment stations (ES), namely Adler ES, Kuban ES (Krasnodar Territory) and the Far East ES (Primorsky Territory). The seeds were harvested in 1999 to 2017 and stored in sealed foil laminated bags at –10°C from 2002 to 2021. The accessions were removed from LTS and germination assessed in 2022. Results. At the beginning of LTS, seed germination (Gi) ranged from 12 to 100% (averaging 79.1%), while that after LTS (Gr) ranged from 1 to 97% (57.8% on average). The retention of germination ability was expressed as the germination index (GI = Gr / Gi), which ranged from 0.02 to 1.73 (an average of 0.72). All the indicators of germination in the range of up to 20 years of LTS were not associated with the duration of LTS and with the number of years before LTS (0.5-4 years in our research). The climatic conditions characteristic of the place of reproduction had a significant impact on Gi and Gr, but not on GI. The average Gi of seeds obtained at the Adler ES and Kuban ES did not differ significantly (77.4% and 75.7%), while that of seeds harvested at the Far East ES was significantly higher (84.0%). Gr of the accessions from the Far East ES (64.3%) was also greater than that of accessions from the Kuban ES (52.2%) and Adler ES (57.2%). The excessively high sum of temperatures above 10°C (recorded in some years at all stations) reduced Gi, Gr but had little effect on GI. The highest values of Gi, Gr, and GI were demonstrated by the accessions maturing in 101-120 days. Additionally drying of the most late-ripening accessions (later than 140 days) in sheaves under an awning yielded seeds with high germination ability and good LTS tolerance. Conclusion. The seeds from different places of reproduction of accessions differed in germination before and after LTS, and, on an average, the highest values were demonstrated by the seeds harvested at the Far East ES, where the temperature regime is closer to the optimal one for soybeans. The seed germination index showed relative independence from the conditions of reproduction of accessions, including the climate and weather conditions, as well as the initial germination ability and LTS duration.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Glycine max</kwd><kwd>всхожесть</kwd><kwd>низкотемпературное хранение</kwd><kwd>климатические условия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Glycine max</kwd><kwd>germination</kwd><kwd>low-temperature storage</kwd><kwd>climatic conditions</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания № FGEM-2022-0002 «Выявление возможностей генофонда бобовых культур для оптимизации их селекции и диверсификации использования в различных отраслях народного хозяйства».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of State Assignment No. FGEM-2022-0002 “Identification of the possibilities of legume crop genetic diversity to optimize their breeding and diversify uses in various sectors of the national economy”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arif M.A.R., Tripodi P., Waheed M.Q., Afzal I., Pistrick S., Schütze G., Börner A. 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