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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biosel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Биотехнология и селекция растений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant Biotechnology and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-6266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6258</issn><publisher><publisher-name>VIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2658-6266-2024-3-o2</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biosel-242</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ РАСТЕНИЙ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ МЕТОДОВ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОЙ ГЕНЕТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STUDY OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES USING MOLECULAR GENETICS METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Протеолитическая деградация белков семян видов вики (Vicia L. subgenus Vicia) секции Peregrinae Kupicha при SDS-электрофорезе и её предотвращение</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proteolytic degradation of seed proteins of vetch species (Vicia  L. subgenus Vicia) of section Peregrinae  Kupicha during SDS-electrophoresis and its prevention</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5148-2850</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Конарев</surname><given-names>Ал. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konarev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Васильевич Конарев, доктор биологических наук, главный специалист, лаборатория сельскохозяйственной энтомологии, ВИЗР</p><p>196608 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, Пушкин, ш. Подбельского, д. 3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Konarev, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Chief Specialist, Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, VIZR</p><p>3, Podbelskogo Highway, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, 196608 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alv-konarev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9554-4855</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егги</surname><given-names>Э. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eggi</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Элли Эвартовна Егги, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий специалист, отдел биохимии и молекулярной биологии, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elly E. Eggi, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Specialist, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,  VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zininaanna@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9152-4528</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Александрова</surname><given-names>Т. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleksandrova</surname><given-names>T. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Геннадьевна Александрова, научный сотрудник, отдел генетических ресурсов зерновых бобовых культур, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana G. Aleksandrova, Researcher, Department of Genetic Resources of Grain Legumes, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t.alexandrova@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт защиты растений</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Конарев А.В., Егги Э.Э., Александрова Т.Г., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Конарев А.В., Егги Э.Э., Александрова Т.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Konarev A.V., Eggi E.E., Aleksandrova T.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/242">https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/242</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. SDS-электрофорез белков семян благодаря своей простоте и хорошей воспроизводимости результатов широко используется при изучении генофонда бобовых и других растений, видовой и сортовой идентификации, анализе внутривидовой изменчивости, а также регистрации коллекционного материала. Данные, полученные этим методом, хорошо согласуются с результатами анализа ДНК или служат дополнением к ним. Как правило, белки семян бобовых, включая представителей рода Vicia L., подвергнутые SDS-электрофорезу, образуют чёткие информативные спектры. При анализе белков многих образцов семян видов вики секции Peregrinae Kupicha при использовании стандартных подходов, разработанных ранее в ВИР и одобренных ISTA (the International Seed Testing Association), не удалось получить чёткие электрофоретические спектры. Это поставило под вопрос применимость стандартных подходов к идентификации видов вики из секции Peregrinae. Задача работы – выяснение причин деградации белков семян у представителей секции Peregrinae и нахождение путей её предотвращения для обеспечения возможности проведения видовой идентификации и регистрации образцов коллекции вики с использованием единого подхода. Материалы и методы. Белки семян ряда видов вики Vicia L. subgenus Vicia из секций Bithynicae (B. Fedtsch.) Maxted, Hypechusa (Alef.) Aschers. et Graebner, Microcarinae Maxted и Peregrinae Kupicha были проанализированы методом SDS-электрофореза с использованием стандартного способа экстракции белков из муки с использованием 0,025 M трис-глицинового буфера pH 8,3 при комнатной температуре и его модификаций, включающих нагревание экстракта при 80оС или 100оС с добавлением 2-меркаптоэтанола или без него, а также добавление ингибиторов цистеиновых и сериновых протеаз. Результаты и их обсуждение. Анализ белков семян представителей большинства секций подрода Vicia обеспечил получение информативных видоспецифичных белковых спектров, тогда как для образцов видов секции Peregrinae было характерно формирование спектров, которые свидетельствовали в пользу деградации белков, причем виды этой секции отличались по частоте встречаемости таких спектров. Так, если у семи образцов V. aintabensis Boiss &amp; Hausskn. ex Boiss различного географического происхождения, года и места репродукции все семена давали такие спектры, в то время как у V. peregrina L. 12 из 13 образцов давали спектры частично или полностью деградированных белков, то у V. michauxii Sprengel полноценные спектры были получены для белков семян шести образцов из девяти. Изменение условий выделения белков из муки, а именно замена экстракции с использованием трис-глицинового буфера pH 8.3 при комнатной температуре на экстракцию с применением аналогичного буфера с кратковременным нагреванием при 100оС в присутствии 2-меркаптоэтанола позволило получить полноценные белковые спектры почти у всех проанализированных образцов представителей секции Peregrinae. Белковые спектры представителей других секций вики, а также спектр белков сои, используемый в качестве стандарта при видовой идентификации бобовых, в модифицированных условиях не отличались от исходных. Заключение. Полученные результаты позволяют предположить, что деградация белков у видов секции Peregrinae связана с аномальной активностью эндогенных протеаз семян при стандартных условиях экстракции белков, причем данный признак детерминирован генотипически. Новая модификация метода выделения белков из семян позволяет применять общепринятые подходы, основанные на SDS-электрофорезе, к анализу генофонда видов вики секции Peregrinае и других видов Vicia.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Due to its simplicity and good reproducibility, SDS-electrophoresis of seed proteins is widely used for investigating the gene pool of legumes and other plants, for species and varietal identification, analyzing the intraspecific variability, and registering collection material. The data obtained by this method agree well with the DNA analysis results complement them. Typically, legume seed proteins, including representatives of the genus Vicia L., show clear informative SDS electrophoretic profiles. When analyzing seed accessions of vetch species of the section Peregrinae Kupicha using standard approaches previously developed at VIR and approved by ISTA (the International Seed Testing Association), clear electrophoretic protein profiles could not be obtained for many accessions. This called into question the applicability of standard approaches to identifying vetch species in the section Peregrinae. The objective of the work was to clarify the nature of seed proteins degradation in representatives of the Peregrinae section and to find ways to prevent it to ensure the possibility of carrying out species identification and registration of all accessions in the vetch collection using a unified approach. Material and methods. Seed proteins of a number of vetch species Vicia L. from sections Bithynicae (B. Fedtsch.) Maxted, Hypechusa (Alef.) Aschers. et Graebner, Microcarinae Maxted and Peregrinae, members of the subgenus Vicia, were analyzed by SDS-electrophoresis using the standard method of protein extraction from flour with 0.025 M Tris-glycine buffer pH 8.3 at room temperature and its modifications, including heating the extract at 80°C or 100°C with or without the addition of 2-mercaptoethanol, as well as the addition of cysteine and serine protease inhibitors. Results and discussion. An analysis of seed proteins of representatives of most sections of the subgenus Vicia yielded informative species-specific protein profiles, whereas species of the section Peregrinae were characterized by the protein profiles, which indicated protein degradation, and species of this section differed in the frequency of such profile occurrence. While such profiles were obtained for all seeds of seven accessions of V. aintabensis Boiss &amp; Hausskn. ex Boiss differing in geographical origin, year and place of regeneration, and 12 out of 13 of V. peregrina  L. accessions demonstrated profiles of partially or completely degraded proteins, complete seed protein profiles were obtained for six out of nine V. michauxii Sprengel accessions. A change in conditions for protein isolation, namely replacement of their extraction from flour with Tris-glycine buffer pH 8.3 at room temperature with extraction in the same buffer by a short-term heating at 100°C in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol, made it possible to obtain complete protein profiles for all accessions representing the section Peregrinae. The protein profiles of representatives of other vetch sections, as well as the profile of soybean proteins used as a standard for legume species identification, did not differ from the original ones under the modified conditions. Conclusions. The obtained results suggest that protein degradation in species of the Peregrinae section is associated with the abnormal activity of endogenous seed proteases under standard protein extraction conditions, and this trait is determined genotypically. A new modification of the method for isolating proteins from seeds makes it possible to apply the generally accepted approaches based on SDS-electrophoresis in the analysis of the gene pool of the Peregrinae section of the subgenus Vicia, as well as other vetch species.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>запасные белки</kwd><kwd>SDS-электрофорез</kwd><kwd>видовая идентификация</kwd><kwd>протеазы</kwd><kwd>протеолиз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>storage proteins</kwd><kwd>SDS electrophoresis</kwd><kwd>species identification</kwd><kwd>proteases</kwd><kwd>proteolysis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке в рамках государственных заданий согласно тематическим планам ВИР по проекту № FGEM-2022-0002 «Выявление возможностей генофонда бобовых культур для оптимизации их селекции и диверсификации использования в различных отраслях народного хозяйства» и ВИЗР по проекту № FGEU-2022-0004 «Фундаментальные проблемы эффективного управления динамикой численности опасных и особо опасных вредителей полевых культур в условиях выхода страны из экономического кризиса». Часть работы выполнена в рамках проекта «Национальная сетевая коллекция генетических ресурсов растений для эффективного научно-технологического развития РФ в сфере генетических технологий» (Соглашение № 075-15-2021-1050 от 28.09.2021).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was financially supported within the framework of State Assignments according to the thematic plans of VIR, Project No. FGEM-2022-0002 “Identification of the possibilities of legume crop genetic diversity to optimize their breeding and diversify uses in various sectors of the national economy” and VIZR, Project No. FGEU-2022-0004 “Fundamental problems of effective management of the population dynamics of dangerous and especially dangerous pests of field crops in the context of the country’s recovery from the economic crisis”. Part of the work was carried out within the framework of the Project “National Network Collection of Plant Genetic Resources for Effective Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation in the Field of Genetic Technologies”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ali H.B., Osman S.A. Genetic relationship study of some Vicia species by FISH and total seed storage protein patterns. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. 2020;18(1):37. DOI: 10.1186/s43141-020-00054-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ali H.B., Osman S.A. Genetic relationship study of some Vicia species by FISH and total seed storage protein patterns. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. 2020;18(1):37. 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