bioselБиотехнология и селекция растенийPlant Biotechnology and Breeding2658-62662658-6258VIR10.30901/2658-6266-2024-4-o4biosel-249Research ArticleРАЗВИТИЕ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ МЕТОДОВ СЕЛЕКЦИИDEVELOPMENT OF MODERN BREEDING METHODSГены-кандидаты, контролирующие вкусовые качества плодов земляники садовой (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.)Candidate genes controlling the taste qualities of garden strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) fruitshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1587-2608МежинаК. М.MezhinaK. M.

Ксения Максимовна Межина, младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория генетики, селекции, биотехнологии декоративных и ягодных культур, ВИР

190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Ksenya M. Mezhina, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding, Biotechnology of Ornamental and Berry Crops, VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia

k.mezhina@vir.nw.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-7662ТихоноваН. Г.TikhonovaN. G.

Надежда Геннадьевна Тихонова, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, заведующий, отдел генетических ресурсов плодовых и ягодных культур, ВИР

190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Nadezhda G. Tikhonova, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher, Head, Department of Genetic Resources of Fruit and Berry Crops, VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia

n.g.tikhonova@vir.nw.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. ВавиловаРоссияN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesRussian Federation202404022025741830Copyright © Межина К.М., Тихонова Н.Г., 20242024Межина К.М., Тихонова Н.Г.Mezhina K.M., Tikhonova N.G.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/249

Земляника (Fragaria L.) является одной из коммерчески ценных ягодных культур. Ягоды земляники ценятся за свой привлекательный вид и питательную ценность, являются низкокалорийным продуктом и обладают низким гликемическим индексом. В промышленном производстве предпочтения отдают сортам, отличающимся хорошей устойчивостью к ряду патогенов, высокой урожайностью и транспортабельностью. Однако, вероятно в результате селекции, направленной на улучшение этих и других признаков, большинство промышленных сортов утратили свои вкусовые качества. Создание сортов с использованием традиционных методов селекции требует значительных временных и финансовых затрат. Применение методов ускоренной селекции с целью улучшения вкусовых качеств плодов земляники является одним из перспективных направлений. На первых этапах работы по ускорению селекции необходим поиск генов-кандидатов, регулирующих те или иные качества. На сегодняшний день известно в общей сложности свыше 2000 летучих ароматических компонентов у различных плодовых культур. К компонентам, регулирующим сахаро-кислотный индекс, относятся сахара и органические кислоты. В обзоре рассмотрена группа генов, в том числе семейство генов SWEET, которые регулируют перенос сахаров из листьев в плоды у целого ряда культур. Рассмотрены гены, участвующие в биосинтезе сахаров, связанные с накоплением яблочной кислоты у плодовых, лимонной кислоты в плодах цитрусовых, а также гены, регулирующие основные вкусовые качества плодов и ягод. Ключевыми генами регуляции аромата у плодов земляники являются FaOMT, FaFAD1, FanAAMT. Регуляция уровня сахарозы происходит под действием генов FaSPS, FaPHS1, FaSuc11, FaSUSY, глюкозы – FaGlu8, FaGlu3, а фруктозы – FaFRU. Содержание лимонной кислоты регулирует ген FaMYB5, аскорбиновой кислоты – гены FaAKR23 и FaGalUR.

Strawberry (Fragaria L.) is one of the commercially valuable berry crops. Strawberries are valued for their attractive appearance and nutritional value, are a low-calorie product and have a low glycemic index. In the industrial production, preference is given to cultivars distinguished by good resistance to pathogens, high yield and transportability. However, probably as a result of breeding aimed at improving these and other characteristics, most industrial cultivars have lost their taste qualities. The use of accelerated breeding methods to improve the taste of strawberry fruits is one of the promising areas. At the first stages of work to accelerate breeding, it is necessary to search for candidate genes that regulate certain qualities. To date, a total of over 2,000 volatile aromatic compounds are known in various fruit crops. The components regulating the sugar-acid index include sugars and organic acids. The review examines a group of genes, including the SWEET gene family, which regulate the transfer of sugars from leaves to fruits in a number of crops. The genes involved in the biosynthesis of sugars, associated with the accumulation of malic acid in fruit trees, citric acid in citrus fruits, as well as genes regulating the basic taste qualities of fruits and berries are considered. The key genes for flavor regulation in strawberry fruits are FaOMT, FaFAD1, and FanAAMT. The regulation of sucrose levels is influenced by the FaSPS, FaPHS1, FaSuc11, and FaSUSY genes, of glucose by FaGlu8 and FaGlu3, and of fructose by FaFRU. The content of citric acid is regulated by the FaMYB5 gene, while that of ascorbic acid is regulated by FaAKR23 and FaGalUR.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.