bioselБиотехнология и селекция растенийPlant Biotechnology and Breeding2658-62662658-6258VIR10.30901/2658-6266-2024-4-o5biosel-254Research ArticleРАЗВИТИЕ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ МЕТОДОВ СЕЛЕКЦИИDEVELOPMENT OF MODERN BREEDING METHODSВлияние генотипа и погодных условий Северо-Западного региона РФ на жирнокислотный состав масла семян льна (Linum usitatissimum L.)Influence of the genotype and weather conditions of the Northwestern region of the Russian Federation on the linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) oil fatty acid compositionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2253-6263БрачН. Б.BrutchN. B.

Нина Борисовна Брач, доктор биологических наук, главный научный сотрудник, заведующий, Отдел генетических ресурсов масличных и прядильных культур, ВИР

190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Nina B. Brutch, Dr. Sci (Biology), Chief Researcher, Head, Department of Oil and Fiber Crop Genetic Resources,  VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia

n.brutch@vir.nw.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3829-7714ВасиповВ. В.VasipovV. V.

Владимир Вячеславович Васипов, аспирант, ВИР

190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Valdimir V. Vasipov, postgraduate student,  VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia

vl.vasipov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5098-4904ПавловА. В.PavlovA. V.

Андрей Валерьевич Павлов, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник, Отдел генетических ресурсов масличных и прядильных культур, ВИР

190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Andrey V. Pavlov, Cand. Sci (Agriculture), Senior Researcher, Department of Oil and Fiber Crop Genetic Resources, VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia

avpavlov77@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3992-5353ШеленгаТ. В.ShelengaT. V.

Татьяна Васильевна Шеленга, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, отдел биохимии и молекулярной биологии, ВИР

190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Tatiana V. Shelenga, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia

t.shelenga@yandex.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. ВавиловаРоссияN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesRussian Federation20240302202574717Copyright © Брач Н.Б., Васипов В.В., Павлов А.В., Шеленга Т.В., 20242024Брач Н.Б., Васипов В.В., Павлов А.В., Шеленга Т.В.Brutch N.B., Vasipov V.V., Pavlov A.V., Shelenga T.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/254

Лен – одна из основных масличных культур, посевы которой в последние годы значительно расширились, в том числе на территории с более суровым климатом. Для устойчивого получения высоких урожаев надлежащего качества необходим анализ влияния новых условий на потребительские свойства получаемой продукции. В работе проанализировано влияние погодных условий Северо-Запада РФ на жирнокислотный состав масла различных сортов масличного льна. Методом газовой хроматографии проанализировано содержание 16 жирных кислот у 20 сортов и линий из коллекции ВИР, выращенных в Ленинградской области в 2016-2018 годах и характеризующихся различным происхождением и разным составом масла. Установлено, что генотип практически не влияет на содержание в зрелых семенах короткоцепочечных минорных кислот (до С14), а также элаидиновой кислоты. При этом засуха сокращает их долю в масле вплоть до полного отсутствия. Количество длинноцепочечных кислот зависит как от генотипа, так и от условий выращивания. Доля линолевой и линоленовой кислот практически полностью определяется генотипом. В то же время нами подтверждены данные других авторов о том, что понижение температуры воздуха приводит к уменьшению доли олеиновой кислоты и увеличению доли линоленовой. Однако это справедливо только для сортов, содержащих большое количество линоленовой кислоты, то есть несущих доминантные аллели генов FAD3A и FAD3B, контролирующих последний этап десатурации жирных кислот у льна.

Linseed is one of the main oil crops, the sawing area of which have expanded significantly in recent years and spread to the areas with a more severe climate. In order to achieve sustainable high yields of appropriate quality, it is necessary to analyze the impact of new climate conditions on the consumer properties of the products obtained. Current paper analyzes the influence of weather conditions of the Northwest of the Russian Federation on the oil fatty acid composition of different linseed cultivars. The content of 16 fatty acids was analyzed by gas chromatography in 20 cultivars and lines from the VIR collection grown in the Leningrad Region in 2016-2018 and characterized by different origins and different oil compositions. The content of 16 fatty acids was analyzed by gas chromatography. It was found that the genotype has practically no effect on the content of acids with short carbon chain (up to C14) and elaidic acid detected in mature seeds. At the same time, drought reduced their fraction in oil up to the point of complete absence. The amount of long-chain acids depended on both the genotype and the cultivation conditions. The fractions of linoleic and linolenic acids were almost totally determined by the genotype. At the same time, we have confirmed the data obtained by other authors reporting that a decrease in air temperature leads to a decrease of the amount of oleic acid and an increase in the fraction of linolenic acid. However, this is true only for the cultivars containing a large amount of linolenic acid, that is, for those bearing dominant alleles of the FAD3A and FAD3B genes that control the last stage of fatty acid desaturation in flax.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.