<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biosel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Биотехнология и селекция растений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant Biotechnology and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-6266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6258</issn><publisher><publisher-name>VIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2658-6266-2025-1-o2</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biosel-260</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАЗВИТИЕ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ МЕТОДОВ СЕЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN BREEDING METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Определение алломеланинов в лузге подсолнечника весовым методом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Determination of allomelanins in sunflower husk by the gravimetric method</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3274-7662</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Попов Виталий Сергеевич, кандидат технических наук, старший научный сотрудник, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vitaliy S. Popov, Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Senior Researcher, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.popov@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9181-5368</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корнюхин</surname><given-names>Д. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kornyukhin</surname><given-names>D. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корнюхин Дмитрий Львович, научный сотрудник, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry L. Kornyukhin, Researcher, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dkor4@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3992-5353</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шеленга</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shelenga</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шеленга Татьяна Васильевна, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana V. Shelenga, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatianashelenga@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8110-9168</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаврилова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrilova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гаврилова Вера Алексеевна, доктор биологических наук, главный научный сотрудник, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vera A. Gavrilova, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Chief Researcher, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.gavrilova@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2762-2777</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хорева</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khoreva</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хорева Валентина Ивановна, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina I. Khoreva, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">horeva43@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Попов В.С., Корнюхин Д.Л., Шеленга Т.В., Гаврилова В.А., Хорева В.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Попов В.С., Корнюхин Д.Л., Шеленга Т.В., Гаврилова В.А., Хорева В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Popov V.S., Kornyukhin D.L., Shelenga T.V., Gavrilova V.A., Khoreva V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/260">https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/260</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Меланины – группа пигментов со сложной кристаллической структурой и большой молекулярной массой, имеющие широкое применение в современном медицинском, парфюмерном, пищевом, полимерном производстве. Обладают выраженным противовирусным, антибактериальным, антигрибковым, противолучевым действием и антиоксидантной активностью. Различают меланины животного (меланины), микробного (микомеланины) и растительного (фитомеланины) происхождения. В настоящий момент актуальным является поиск новых источников растительных меланинов и простых методов их определения, позволяющих в дальнейшем выявлять образцы с повышенным содержанием этих веществ для различного использования. Важным значением меланина, накапливающегося в плодовой оболочке семянок подсолнечника, является его роль в обеспечении устойчивости этой культуры к подсолнечной огнёвке (Homoeosoma nebulella Hb.). Задача исследования – разработка метода определения меланинов и демонстрация его возможностей на примере коллекции подсолнечника ВИР. Материалы и методы. В работе представлен модифицированный метод определения алломеланинов (фитомеланинов) в лузге и семенах подсолнечника из коллекции ВИР: отработаны оптимальные режимы экстракции, фильтрования, осаждения и промывания алломеланинов от примесей. Результаты. Содержание алломеланинов в лузге подсолнечника в среднем составило 5,7%, при этом минимальное количество – 1,5%, максимальное – 8,7%. Доля этих пигментов в исследуемых семенах подсолнечника находилась в диапазоне 0,4%-2,7% при среднем значении 1,7%. Выделены образцы с повышенным содержанием пигментов в лузге: к-2776, к-3511, к-3892, к-3901, к-641884 и с пониженным – к-3568, к-3647, к-3649, к-3760, к-3762. Между содержанием алломеланинов в лузге и в семенах обнаружена высокая положительная корреляция (r=0,83). Заключение. Разработан простой метод выделения алломеланинов, который дает хорошо воспроизводимые результаты и может быть использован для скрининга коллекции генетических ресурсов растений, направленного на выявление образцов, характеризующихся высоким содержанием меланина. Метод позволяет выявлять наиболее перспективные образцы для селекции по признаку устойчивости к повреждающему действию гусениц подсолнечной огневки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Melanins are a group of pigments with a complex crystalline structure and high molecular weight, which are widely used in modern medical, perfume, food, and polymer production. They have pronounced antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antiradiation effects, and antioxidant activity. Melanins of animal (melanin), microbial (mycomelanin), and plant (phytomelanin) origin are distinguished. At present, the search for new sources of plant melanins and simple methods for their determination is relevant, allowing for the further identification of accessions with a higher content of these substances for various uses. An important role of melanin, which accumulates in the sunflower seed coat, is its role in ensuring the resistance of this crop to the sunflower moth (Homoeosoma nebulella Hb.). The present study was aimed at developing a method and demonstrating its capabilities using accessions from the VIR sunflower collection. Materials and methods. The paper presents a modified method for determining allomelanins (phytomelanins) in husk and seed of sunflower accessions from the VIR collection. Optimal modes of allomelanin extraction, filtration, precipitation and washing from impurities have been developed. Results. The allomelanin content in sunflower husk averaged 5.7% with a minimum of 1.5% and a maximum of 8.7%. The fraction of pigment in the studied sunflower seeds ranged from 0.4% to 2.7% and averaged 1.7%. The accessions with a higher pigment content in husk are k-2776, k-3511, k-3892, k-3901, and k-641884, and those with a lower pigment content are k-3568, k-3647, k-3649, k-3760, and k-3762. A high positive correlation was found between the allomelanin content in husk and seed (r=0.83). Conclusion. A simple method for isolating allomelanins has been developed. It yields highly reproducible results and can be used to screen a collection of plant genetic resources to identify accessions with high melanin content. This method allows the identification of the most promising accessions which can be involved in breeding for resistance to the damaging effects of sunflower moth caterpillars.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Helianthus annuus L.</kwd><kwd>фитомеланины</kwd><kwd>лузжистость</kwd><kwd>пигменты</kwd><kwd>количественное определение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Helianthus annuus L.</kwd><kwd>phytomelanins</kwd><kwd>huskness</kwd><kwd>pigments</kwd><kwd>quantitative determination</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Государственного задания согласно тематическому плану ВИР по проекту № FGEM – 2022-0005 «Растительные ресурсы масличных и прядильных культур ВИР как основа теоретических исследований и их практического использования». Авторы благодарят рецензентов за их вклад в экспертную оценку этой работы.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was performed within the framework of the State Assignment according to the theme plan of VIR, Project № FGEM – 2022-0005 «Plant resources of oil and fiber crops at VIR as the basis of theoretical research and their practical utilization».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеева Т.Н., Оганесянц Л.А., Красникова Е.В., Рудометова Н.В. Исследование растительного меланина как пищевого красителя для безалкогольных напитков. Хранение и переработка сельхозсырья. 2008;7:40-43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseeva T.N., Oganesiants L.A., Krasnikova E.V., Rudometova N.V. Study of plant melanin as a food coloring agent for soft drinks (Issledovanie rastitel'nogo melanina kak pishchevogo krasitelya dlya bezalkogol'nykh napitkov). Hranenie i pererabotka sel'khozsyr'ja = Storage and processing of agricultural raw materials. 2008;7:40-43. [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеева Т.Н., Орещенко А.В., Кулакова А.В., Дурнев А.Д., Самусенок Л.В., Огарков Б.Н. Влияние растительного меланинового пигмента на кластогенные эффекты химических мутагенов у мышей. Экспериментальная и клиническая фармакология. 2001;6:56-59.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseeva T.N., Oreshchenko A.V., Kulakova A.V., Durnev A.D., Samusenok L.V., Ogarkov B.N. Effect of plant melanin pigment on the clastogenic effects of chemical mutagens in mice (Vliyanie rastitel'nogo melaninovogo pigmenta na klastogennye effekty khimicheskikh mutagenov u myshey). Eksperimental'naya i klinicheskaya farmakologiya = Experimental and clinical pharmacology. 2001;6:56-59. [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Барабой В.А. Структура, биосинтез меланинов, их биологическая роль и перспективы применения. Успехи современной биологии. 2001;12:1-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baraboi V.A. Structure, biosynthesis of melanins, their biological role and application prospects (Struktura, biosintez melaninov, ih biologicheskaya rol' i perspektivy primeneniya). Uspekhi sovremennoy biologii = Advances in Current Biology. 2001;12:1-12. [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Butterfield D.A. Spin labeling in disease. In: Biological Magnetic Resonance. L.J. Berliner, J. Reuben (eds.). New York: Springer Science and Business Media; 1982. Vol. 4. p.1-78. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-6540-6_1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Butterfield D.A. Spin labeling in disease. In: Biological Magnetic Resonance. L.J. Berliner, J. Reuben (eds.). New York: Springer Science and Business Media; 1982. Vol. 4. p.1-78. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-6540-6_1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chu M., Hai W., Zhang Z., Wo F., Wu Q., Zhang Z., Shao Y., Zhang D.Sh.-zi, Jin L., Shi D. Melanin nanoparticles derived from a homology of medicine and food for sentinel lymph node mapping and photothermal in vivo cancer therapy. Biomaterials. 2016;91:182-199. DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.03.018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chu M., Hai W., Zhang Z., Wo F., Wu Q., Zhang Z., Shao Y., Zhang D.Sh.-zi, Jin L., Shi D. Melanin nanoparticles derived from a homology of medicine and food for sentinel lymph node mapping and photothermal in vivo cancer therapy. Biomaterials. 2016;91:182-199. DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.03.018</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duran J.M., Retamal N. Coat structure and regulation of dormancy in Sinapis arvensis L. seeds. Plant Physiology. 1989;135:218-222.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duran J.M., Retamal N. Coat structure and regulation of dormancy in Sinapis arvensis L. seeds. Plant Physiology. 1989;135:218-222.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фоменко И.А., Иванова Л.А., Чурмасова Л.А., Дегтярев И.А. Получение водорастворимых фитомеланинов с использованием различных минеральных кислот. Вестник биотехнологии и физико-химической биологии им. Ю.А. Овчинникова. 2021;17(2):64-68.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fomenko I.A., Ivanova L.A., Churmasova L.A., Degtyarev I.A. Production of water-soluble phytomelanins using various mineral acids. Bulletin of Biotechnology and Physicochemical Biology named after Yu.A. Ovchinnikov. 2021;17(2):64-68. [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гашникова Н.М., Балахнин С.М., Теплякова Т.В., Ананько Г.Г., Косогова Т.А., Сухих А.С. Антиретровирусная активность меланинов из природной и культивируемой чаги (Inonotus obliquus). Успехи медицинской микологии. 2014;12:299-301.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gashnikova N.M., Balakhnin S.M., Tepliakova T.V., Anan'ko G.G., Kosogova T.A., Suhih A.S. Antiretroviral activity of melanins from natural and cultivated chaga (Inonotus obliquus) (Antiretrovirusnaya aktivnost' melaninov iz prirodnoy i kul'tiviruemoy chagi (Inonotus obliquus)). Uspekhi meditsinskoy mikologii = Advances in Medical Mycology. 2014;12:299-301. [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gerdemann C., Eicken C., Krebs B. The crystal structure of catechol oxidase: new insight into the function of type-3 copper proteins. Accounts of Chemical Research. 2002;35:183-191.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gerdemann C., Eicken C., Krebs B. The crystal structure of catechol oxidase: new insight into the function of type-3 copper proteins. Accounts of Chemical Research. 2002;35:183-191.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Грачева Н.В., Желтобрюхов В.Ф. Способ получения меланина из лузги подсолнечника и исследование его антиоксидантной активности. Вестник Технологического университета. 2016;19(15):154-157.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gracheva N.V., Zheltobriukhov V.F. Method for obtaining melanin from sunflower husk and study of its antioxidant activity (Sposob polucheniya melanina iz luzgi podsolnechnika i issledovanie ego antioksidantnoy aktivnosti). Vestnik Tehnologicheskogo universiteta = Bulletin of the Technological University. 2016;19(15):154-157. [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grossi G.F., Durante M., Gvalanella G. Effects of melanin on high-LET radiation response of human epithelial cells. Radiation and Environmental Biophysics. 1998;37:63-67.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grossi G.F., Durante M., Gvalanella G. Effects of melanin on high-LET radiation response of human epithelial cells. Radiation and Environmental Biophysics. 1998;37:63-67.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hill H. The function of melanin or six blind people examine an elephant. BioEssays. 1992;14(1):49-56. DOI: 10.1002/bies.950140111</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hill H. The function of melanin or six blind people examine an elephant. BioEssays. 1992;14(1):49-56. DOI: 10.1002/bies.950140111</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Юасифов Э.Ю. Влияние меланина на свободно-радикальное состояние гамма-облученных белков и липидов. Радиобиология. 1987;27(1):8-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iuasifov E.Yu. Effect of melanin on the free-radical state of gamma-irradiated proteins and lipids (Vliyanie melanina na svobodno-radikal'noe sostoyanie gamma-obluchennykh belkov i lipidov. Radiobiologiya = Radiobiology, 1987;27(1):8-11. [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иванова Л.А., Фоменко И.А., Сергеева Д.А., Чурмасова Л.А., Кабаржан Ж.К. Разработка технологии получения фитомеланинов на отходах масличного производства. Health, Food and Biotechnology. 2019;1(2):136-146. DOI: 10.36107/hfb.2019.i2.s245</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanova L.A., Fomenko I.A., Sergeeva D.A., Churmasova L.A., Kabarzhan Zh.K. Development of technologies for producing phytomelanines on waste oil production. Health, Food and Biotechnology. 2019;1(2):136-146. [in Russian]. DOI: 10.36107/hfb.2019.i2.s245</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jana B., Mukherjee S. Notes on the distribution of phytomelanin layer in higher plants – a short communication. Journal of Pharmaceutical Biology. 2004;4(3):131-132.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jana B., Mukherjee S. Notes on the distribution of phytomelanin layer in higher plants – a short communication. Journal of Pharmaceutical Biology. 2004;4(3):131-132.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kablov V.F., Novopoltseva O.M., Gracheva N.V., Zheltobryukho V.F., Dao Ph.K. Prospects of application of melanins as antiaging agents in elastomer compositions. Vietnam Journal of Chemistry. 2019.57(2):255-260. DOI: 10.1002/vjch.201960024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kablov V.F., Novopoltseva O.M., Gracheva N.V., Zheltobryukho V.F., Dao Ph.K. Prospects of application of melanins as antiaging agents in elastomer compositions. Vietnam Journal of Chemistry. 2019.57(2):255-260. DOI: 10.1002/vjch.201960024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Картушина Ю.Н., Кириченко М.А., Севрюкова Г.А. Получение меланина на основе отходов маслоэкстракционного производства. Вестник Технологического университета. 2016;19(16):124-126.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kartushina Yu.N., Kirichenko M.A., Sevriukova G.A. Obtaining melanin based on waste from oil extraction production (Poluchenie melanina na osnove otkhodov masloekstraktsionnogo proizvodstva). Vestnik Tehnologicheskogo universiteta = Bulletin of the Technological University. 2016;19(16):124-126. [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Korytowski W., Sarna T. Bleaching of melanin pigments. Role of copper ions and hydrogen peroxide in autooxidation and photooxidation of synthetic dopa-melanin. Biological Chemistry. 1990;265(21):12410-12416.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korytowski W., Sarna T. Bleaching of melanin pigments. Role of copper ions and hydrogen peroxide in autooxidation and photooxidation of synthetic dopa-melanin. Biological Chemistry. 1990;265(21):12410-12416.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лях С.П., Булгак М.Л., Исаев А.Г. Астромеланин: лечебное средство для меланотерапии: книга посвящена 40-летию изучения антарктических черных дрожжей Nadsoniella nigra var. hesuelica и их меланопигмента АстроМеланина. Москва; 2007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liakh S.P., Bulgak M.L., Isaev A.G. Astromelanin: a therapeutic agent for melanotherapy: the book is dedicated to the 40th anniversary of the study of the Antarctic black yeast Nadsoniella nigra var. hesuelica and their melanopigment AstroMelanin. Moscow; 2007. [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Łopusiewicz Ł., Drozłowska E., Trocer P., Kostek M., Śliwiński M., Henriques M.H.F., Bartkowiak A., Sobolewski P. Whey protein concentrate/ isolate biofunctional films modified with melanin from watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seeds. Materials. 2020;13(17):3876. DOI: 10.3390/ma13173876</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Łopusiewicz Ł., Drozłowska E., Trocer P., Kostek M., Śliwiński M., Henriques M.H.F., Bartkowiak A., Sobolewski P. Whey protein concentrate/ isolate biofunctional films modified with melanin from watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seeds. Materials. 2020;13(17):3876. DOI: 10.3390/ma13173876</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новиков Д.А., Курченко В.П., Азарко И.И. Фотопротективные свойства меланинов из винограда (Vitis vinifera) и черного грузинского чая (Thea sinensis). Радиационная биология. Радиоэкология. 2001;41(6):664-670.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novikov D.A., Kurchenko V.P., Azarko I.I. Photoprotective properties of melanins from grape (Vitis vinifera) and black tea (Thea sinensis). Radiation biology. Radioecology. 2001;41(6):664-670. [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Özdemir Ö., Keleş Y. Extraction, purification, antioxidant properties and stability conditions of phytomelanin pigment on the sunflower seeds. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite. 2018;5(2):140-148 DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.377470</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Özdemir Ö., Keleş Y. Extraction, purification, antioxidant properties and stability conditions of phytomelanin pigment on the sunflower seeds. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite. 2018;5(2):140-148 DOI: 10.21448/ijsm.377470</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park K.I., Ishikawa N., Morita Y. Choi J.D., Hoshino A., Iida S. A bHLH regulatory gene in the common morning glory, Ipomoea purpurea, controls anthocyanin biosynthesis in ﬂowers, proanthocyanidin and phytomelanin pigmentation in seeds, and seed trichome formation. The Plant Journal. 2007;49(4):641-654. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02988.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park K.I., Ishikawa N., Morita Y. Choi J.D., Hoshino A., Iida S. A bHLH regulatory gene in the common morning glory, Ipomoea purpurea, controls anthocyanin biosynthesis in ﬂowers, proanthocyanidin and phytomelanin pigmentation in seeds, and seed trichome formation. The Plant Journal. 2007;49(4):641-654. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02988.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Перестова Т.А. Способ ранней диагностики панцирности семянок подсолнечника: методические указания. Краснодар: ВНИИМК; 1988.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perestova T.A. Method of early diagnosis of the incrustation of sunflower achenes: (guidelines) (Sposob ranney diagnostiki pantsirnosti semyanok podsolnechnika). Krasnodar: VNIIMK; 1988. [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pralea I.E., Moldovan R.C., Petrache A.M., Ilieș M., Hegheș S.C., Ielciu I., Nicoară R., Moldovan M., Ene M., Radu M., Uifălean A., Iuga C.-A. From extraction to advanced analytical methods: the challenges of melanin analysis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019;20(16):3943. DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163943</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pralea I.E., Moldovan R.C., Petrache A.M., Ilieș M., Hegheș S.C., Ielciu I., Nicoară R., Moldovan M., Ene M., Radu M., Uifălean A., Iuga C.-A. From extraction to advanced analytical methods: the challenges of melanin analysis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019;20(16):3943. DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163943</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Прутенская Е.А., Васильев А.С., Лебедева Е.Ю., Ущаповский И.В. Сильченко В.А. Сравнительная характеристика структуры меланинов различного происхождения. Международный научный журнал. Символ науки. 2016;11(3):11-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prutenskaia E.A., Vasil'ev A.S., Lebedeva E.Yu., Ushchapovsky I.V., Silchenko V.A. Comparative characteristics of the structure of melanins of different origin (Sravnitel'naya kharakteristika struktury melaninov razlichnogo proiskhozhdeniya). International Scientific Journal. Symbol of Science. 2016;11(3):11-13. [in Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rogers C.E., Kreitner G.L. Phytomelanin of sunflower achenes: a mechanism for pericarp resistance to abrasion by larvae of the sunflower moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Environmental Entomology. 1983;12(2):277-285. DOI: 10.1093/ee/12.2.277</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rogers C.E., Kreitner G.L. Phytomelanin of sunflower achenes: a mechanism for pericarp resistance to abrasion by larvae of the sunflower moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Environmental Entomology. 1983;12(2):277-285. DOI: 10.1093/ee/12.2.277</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saha L., Tiwari J., Bauddh K., Ma Y. Recent developments in microbe-plant-based bioremediation for tackling heavy metal-polluted soils. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2021;12:731723. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.731723.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saha L., Tiwari J., Bauddh K., Ma Y. Recent developments in microbe-plant-based bioremediation for tackling heavy metal-polluted soils. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2021;12:731723. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.731723.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sava V.M., Yang S.-M., Hong M.-Y., Yang P.-C., Huang G.S. Isolation and characterization of melanic pigments derived from tea and tea polyphenols. Food Chemistry. 2001;73:177-184. DOI: 10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00258-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sava V.M., Yang S.-M., Hong M.-Y., Yang P.-C., Huang G.S. Isolation and characterization of melanic pigments derived from tea and tea polyphenols. Food Chemistry. 2001;73:177-184. DOI: 10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00258-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Школьникова М.Н., Кадрицкая Е.А. Обоснование использования лузги гречихи для получения функциональных пищевых красителей. Научный журнал НИУ ИТМО. Серия: Процессы и аппараты пищевых производств. 2020;4:22-28. DOI: 10.17586/2310-1164-2020-10-4-22-28</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shkolnikova M.N., Kadritskaya E.A. Rationale for the use of buckwheat husk for the production of functional food colors. Scientific Journal NRU ITMO. Series: Processes and Food Production Equipment. 2020;4:22-28. [in Russian]. DOI: 10.17586/2310-1164-2020-10-4-22-28</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shoeva O.Y., Mursalimov S.R., Gracheva N.V., Glagoleva A.Y., Börner A., Khlestkina E.K.. Melanin formation in barley grain occurs within plastids of pericarp and husk cells. Scientific Reports. 2020;10(1):179. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56982-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shoeva O.Y., Mursalimov S.R., Gracheva N.V., Glagoleva A.Y., Börner A., Khlestkina E.K.. Melanin formation in barley grain occurs within plastids of pericarp and husk cells. Scientific Reports. 2020;10(1):179. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56982-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Solano F. Melanins: Skin Pigments and Much More – Types, Structural Models, Biological Functions, and Formation Routes. New Journal of Science. 2014(5):1-28. DOI: 10.1155/2014/498276</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Solano F. Melanins: Skin Pigments and Much More – Types, Structural Models, Biological Functions, and Formation Routes. New Journal of Science. 2014(5):1-28. DOI: 10.1155/2014/498276</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Varga M., Berkesi O., Darula Z., May N.V., Palágyi A. Structural characterization of allomelanin from black oat. Phytochemistry. 2016;130:313-320. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.07.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Varga M., Berkesi O., Darula Z., May N.V., Palágyi A. Structural characterization of allomelanin from black oat. Phytochemistry. 2016;130:313-320. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.07.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воронцова З.А., Иванов А.А., Никитюк Д.Б., Аванесова А.А. Некоторые морфоклинические доказательства радиопротективного характера меланинов (обзор литературы). Вестник новых медицинских технологий. 2016;4:295-302. DOI: 10.12737/22219</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vorontsova Z.A., Ivanov A.A., Nikityuk D.B., Avanesova A.A. Some morphoclinical evidence about radioprotective melanin character (literature report). Bulletin of New Medical Technologies. 2016;4:295-302. [in Russian]. DOI: 10.12737/22219</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
