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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biosel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Биотехнология и селекция растений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant Biotechnology and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-6266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6258</issn><publisher><publisher-name>VIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2658-6266-2025-2-o2</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biosel-269</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ РАСТЕНИЙ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ МЕТОДОВ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОЙ ГЕНЕТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STUDY OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES USING MOLECULAR GENETICS METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ генов устойчивости к парше и бактериальному ожогу у сортов яблони селекции Свердловской селекционной станции садоводства с использованием молекулярных маркеров</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Molecular marker analysis of genes of resistance to scab and fire blight in the apple cultivars bred at the Sverdlovsk Horticultural Breeding Station</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4464-1876</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шамшин</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamshin</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван Николаевич Шамшин, кандидат биологических наук, заведующий, лаборатория молекулярно-генетического анализа плодовых растений, Мичуринский государственный аграрный университет</p><p>393760 Россия, Тамбовская область, г. Мичуринск, ул. Интернациональная, 101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan N. Shamshin, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Head of the Laboratory, Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Analysis of Fruit Plants, Michurinsk State Agrarian University</p><p>101, Internatsionalnaya Street, Michurinsk, Tambov Region, 393760 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivan_shamshin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4783-2029</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тележинский</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Telezhinskiy</surname><given-names>D D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Дмитриевич Тележинский, старший научный сотрудник, Свердловская селекционная станция садоводства – структурное подразделение Уральского федерального аграрного научно-исследовательского центра Уральского отделения Российской академии наук</p><p>620142 Россия, Екатеринбург, ул. Белинского, 112а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry D. Telezhinskiy, Senior Researcher, Sverdlovsk Horticultural Breeding Station, a structural subdivision of the Ural Federal Agricultural Research Centre, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p><p>112a, Belinsky Street, Yekaterinburg, 620142 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ddt77@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8009-6780</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шлявас</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shlyavas</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Владимировна Шлявас, младший научный сотрудник, отдел генетических ресурсов плодовых культур, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44, ann2668@yandex.ru, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8009-6780</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Shlyavas, Junior Researcher, Department of Fruit Crop Genetic Resources, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ann2668@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Мичуринский государственный аграрный университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Michurinsk State Agrarian University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский федеральный аграрный научно-исследовательский центр</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural Federal Agricultural Research Center</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шамшин И.Н., Тележинский Д.Д., Шлявас А.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шамшин И.Н., Тележинский Д.Д., Шлявас А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shamshin I.N., Telezhinskiy D.D., Shlyavas A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/269">https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/269</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. На Свердловской селекционной станции садоводства созданы уникальные сорта яблони, адаптированные к выращиванию в суровых природно-климатических условиях Среднего Урала. Резкие перепады температур и значительное количество осадков в летний период способствуют развитию грибных и бактериальных болезней. Поэтому главным направлением селекции является создание форм с комплексом генов устойчивости к различным типам заболеваний. Для поиска источников ценных признаков актуальным остается использование метода молекулярных маркеров, который сокращает сроки анализа и позволяет проводить отбор непосредственно по наличию гена, а не по внешнему проявлению признака. Целью нашей работы был поиск генов устойчивости к парше и бактериальному ожогу у сортов яблони селекции Свердловской селекционной станции садоводства с использованием ДНК-маркеров. Для исследования были использованы: маркер VfC гена устойчивости к парше Rvi6, маркеры AE10-375 и GE-8019 QTL FBF7 устойчивости к бактериальному ожогу яблони. Проведено сравнение результатов молекулярной идентификации анализа гена устойчивости к парше и оценки полевой устойчивости исследуемых сортов в годы эпифитотий. Проанализирован 21 сорт яблони. Результаты. В ходе проведенных исследований ген Rvi6 идентифицирован у трех сортов яблони – ʻПервоуральскаяʼ, ʻАксёнаʼ и ʻБлагая Вестьʼ. Оценка полевой устойчивости к парше показала отсутствие поражения у ряда сортов. Установлено, что все сорта с фрагментом, являющимся свидетельством наличия гена Rvi6, не поражались паршой в годы соответствующих эпифитотий. У сортов ʻТаватуйʼ, ʻРозочкаʼ, ʻДанилаʼ, ʻВЭМ Розовыйʼ и ʻРодниковаяʼ также отмечается отсутствие признаков заболевания. Анализ родословной показал, что при их создании были использованы доноры устойчивости к парше, несущие в себе ген Rvi5.</p><p>В анализируемой коллекции маркеры АЕ10-375 и GE-8019 QTL FBF7 устойчивости к бактериальному ожогу яблони отмечены практически у одинакового количества сортов (маркер АЕ10-375 идентифицирован у 12 образцов, а маркер GE-8019 у 10). Однако о наличии устойчивости свидетельствует присутствие двух маркеров в одном генотипе. Таких образцов выявлено пять – ʻИсеть Белая’, ʻПервоуральскаяʼ, ʻАксёнаʼ, ʻСеребряное Копытце’, ʻБлагая Весть’. Заключение. Проведенные исследования позволили установить источники ценных признаков в сортах яблони уральской селекции. Идентифицированные генотипы являются перспективными для дальнейшего использования в селекционной работе и промышленном садоводстве.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Unique apple cultivars have been created at the Sverdlovsk Horticultural Breeding Station and adapted to growing in the harsh natural and climatic conditions of the Middle Urals. Sharp temperature changes and a significant amount of precipitation in summer contribute to the development of fungal and bacterial diseases. Therefore, the main direction in breeding is the creation of forms with a complex of genes for resistance to various types of diseases. To search for sources of valuable features, the use of the molecular marker method remains relevant, which shortens the analysis time and allows for selection directly on the basis of gene presence instead of the external manifestation of а trait. The aim of our work was to search for scab and fire blight resistance genes in apple cultivars bred by the Sverdlovsk Breeding Station of Horticulture using DNA markers. The study used the VfC marker of the Rvi6 scab resistance gene, AE10-375 and GE-8019 QTL FBF7 markers of resistance to fire blight of apple trees. The results of molecular identification of the scab resistance gene were compared with those of evaluating the field resistance in the cultivars studied during the epiphytotic years. 21 apple cultivars were analyzed. Results. In the course of the research, the Rvi6 gene was identified in three apple cultivars – ‘Pervouralskaya’ ‘Aksyonaʼ and ʻBlagaya Vestʼ. An assessment of field resistance to scab showed that a number of cultivars were not affected. It was established that all varieties with a fragment indicating the presence of the Rvi6 gene were not affected by scab during epiphytotic years. The cultivars ʻTavatuyʼ, ʻRozochkaʼ, ʻDanilaʼ, ʻVEM Rozovyjʼ, and ‘Rodnikovayaʼ also showed no signs of the disease. The pedigree analysis showed that scab resistance donors carrying the Rvi5 gene were used to create these cultivars.In the analyzed collection, markers AЕ10-375 and GE-8019 QTL FBF7 of resistance to bacterial fire blight of apple trees were noted in almost the same number of cultivars (AЕ10-375 was identified in 12 accessions, and GE-8019 in 10). However, the presence of resistance is evidenced by the presence of two markers in one genotype. The five identified accessions are ʻIset Belaya’, ‘Pervouralskaya’, ʻAksyonaʼ, ʻSerebryanoye Kopyttseʼ, and ʻBlagaya Vest’. Conclusions. The performed research made it possible to establish the sources of valuable characters in apple cultivars bred in the Urals. The identified genotypes are promising for further use in breeding and industrial horticulture.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Malus domestica</kwd><kwd>Venturia inaequalis</kwd><kwd>Erwinia amylovora</kwd><kwd>Rvi6</kwd><kwd>QTL FBF7</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Malus domestica</kwd><kwd>Venturia inaequalis</kwd><kwd>Erwinia amylovora</kwd><kwd>Rvi6</kwd><kwd>QTL FBF7</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">работа выполнена при поддержке Минобрнауки РФ в рамках Государственного задания ФГБНУ «Уральский федеральный аграрный научно-исследовательский центр Уральского отделения Российской академии наук» тема № 0532-2021-0008 «Создание конкурентоспособных, высокоурожайных сортов зерновых, зернобобовых, кормовых, плодово-ягодных культур и картофеля мирового уровня на основе перспективных генетических ресурсов, устойчивых к био- и абиотическим факторам» и в рамках Государственного задания согласно тематическому плану ВИР по проекту № FGEM-2025-0004 «Совершенствование подходов и методов ex situ сохранения идентифицированного генофонда плодовых, ягодных культур, винограда и их диких родичей, разработка технологий их эффективного использования в селекции».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the framework of the State Assignment to the Ural Federal Agricultural Research Centre, Topic No. 0532-2021-0008 “Creation of competitive, high-yielding cultivars of cereals, grain legumes, forage, fruit and berry crops and potatoes on the basis of promising genetic resources resistant to bio- and abiotic factors”, and within the framework of the State Assignment to VIR, Theme Plan Project No. FGEM-2025-0004 “Improving the approaches and methods for ex situ conservation of the identified genetic diversity of vegetatively propagated crops and their wild relatives, and development of technologies for their effective utilization in plant breeding”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Afunian M.R., Goodwin P.H., Hunter D.M. 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