bioselБиотехнология и селекция растенийPlant Biotechnology and Breeding2658-62662658-6258VIR10.30901/2658-6266-2025-3-o1biosel-278Research ArticleИЗУЧЕНИЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ РАСТЕНИЙ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ МЕТОДОВ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОЙ ГЕНЕТИКИSTUDY OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES USING MOLECULAR GENETICS METHODSНовый маркер для определения А-типа хлоропластной ДНК у длительно хранящихся гербарных образцов культурных видов картофеляA new marker for the detection of A-type chloroplast DNA in long-term stored herbarium specimens of cultivated potato specieshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4401-4995ОськинаН. А.OskinaN. A.

Наталья Алексеевна Оськина, научный сотрудник, отдел биотехнологии, ВИР

190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Natalia A. Oskina, Researcher, Department of Biotechnology,  VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia

n.fomina@vir.nw.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8334-8069АнтоноваО. Ю.AntonovaO. Yu.

Ольга Юрьевна Антонова, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующая, лаборатория молекулярной селекции и ДНК-паспортизации, отдел биотехнологии, ВИР

190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Olga Yu. Antonova, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, Head, Laboratory of Molecular Breeding and DNA Profiling, Department of Biotechnology,  VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia

olgaant326@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2605-6569ГавриленкоТ. А.GavrilenkoT. A.

Татьяна Андреевна Гавриленко, доктор биологических наук, главный научный сотрудник, отдел биотехнологии, ВИР

190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Tatjana A. Gavrilenko, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Chief Researcher, Department of Biotechnology,  VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia

tatjana9972@yandex.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. ВавиловаРоссияN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesRussian Federation202530122025834354Copyright © Оськина Н.А., Антонова О.Ю., Гавриленко Т.А., 20252025Оськина Н.А., Антонова О.Ю., Гавриленко Т.А.Oskina N.A., Antonova O.Y., Gavrilenko T.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/278

В Гербарии культурных растений мира, их диких родичей и сорных растений (WIR) Федерального исследовательского центра Всероссийского института генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР) хранится крупнейшая в России коллекция исторических образцов культурных видов картофеля. Образцы этой коллекции были собраны в 1925-1928 годах С.В. Юзепчуком и С.М. Букасовым – членами организованной Н.И. Вавиловым экспедиции в страны Латинской Америки. Этот материал представляет несомненный интерес для молекулярно-генетических исследований. В то же время, существует ряд методических ограничений, обусловленных различной степенью деградации ДНК растений, длительное время сохраняемых в гербарных коллекциях. Оригинальный набор ПЦР-маркеров, специфичных к разным локусам пластидной ДНК, разработанный японскими исследователями K. Hosaka и R. Sanetomo (2012), широко используется для исследований генетического разнообразия и происхождения культурных видов картофеля, сохраняемых в полевых и in vitro коллекциях разных генбанков. Применение данного набора в полном объеме для детекции разных типов хлоропластной ДНК (хлДНК) у длительно хранящихся гербарных образцов проблематично, поскольку в случае маркера А размер диагностического фрагмента превышает 1000 пн. В настоящей работе были разработаны новые праймеры А494 для детекции А-типа пластидной ДНК у ~100-летних гербарных образцов культурных видов картофеля. Результативность применения праймеров А494, с использованием которых ампликоны ожидаемого размера были получены для 22 из 25 гербарных образцов, была достоверно выше в сравнении с результатами, полученными с праймерами А из набора Hosaka и Sanetomo (2012) – ампликоны ожидаемого размера получены для пяти из 25 образцов. Расширенный набор маркеров для детекции различных типов хлДНК будет использован в дальнейшем для изучения исторической коллекции культурных видов картофеля, хранящейся в гербарии ВИР.

The Herbarium of cultivated plants of the world, their wild relatives and weeds (WIR) at the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian institute of plant genetic resources (VIR) houses Russia's largest collection of historical herbarium specimens of cultivated potato species. The plant samples were collected in 1925-1928 by S.V. Yuzepchuk and S.M. Bukasov, members of an expedition to Latin American countries organized by N.I. Vavilov. This material is of undoubted interest for molecular genetics research. However, there are methodological limitations due to varying degrees of DNA degradation in plants preserved long-term in herbarium collections. The original set of PCR markers specific to different loci of plastid DNA, developed by Japanese researchers K. Hosaka and R. Sanetomo (2012), is widely used for studying the genetic diversity and origin of cultivated potato species maintained in field and in vitro collections of various Genebanks. Applying this marker set in full for detecting different types of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) in historical herbarium specimens is problematic, as some primers in this set generate amplicons larger than 1000 bp. In this study, new primers A494 were developed to detect A-type plastid DNA in ~100-year-old herbarium specimens of cultivated potato species. The efficiency of A494 primers, with the use of which amplicons of the expected size were obtained for 22 of 25 herbarium specimens, was significantly higher compared to the results obtained with primers A from the Hosaka and Sanetomo (2012) set, that is, amplicons for five out of 25 specimens. The expanded marker set for detecting various cpDNA types will be used in further studies of historical herbarium collection of cultivated potato preserved in the VIR Herbarium.

 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.