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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biosel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Биотехнология и селекция растений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant Biotechnology and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-6266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6258</issn><publisher><publisher-name>VIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2658-6266-2025-3-o3</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biosel-280</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ РАСТЕНИЙ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ МЕТОДОВ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОЙ ГЕНЕТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STUDY OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES USING MOLECULAR GENETICS METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>CAPS-маркеры для анализа полиморфизма пластидной ДНК у представителей подрода Prunophora  (Neck. ex  Spach) Focke рода Prunus L.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CAPS markers for the analysis of plastid DNA polymorphism in representatives of the subgenus Prunophora (Neck. ex Spach) Focke of the genus Prunus L.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0142-9433</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаов</surname><given-names>А. К</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makaov</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Адам Капланович Макаов, младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория молекулярной селекции и ДНК-паспортизации, отдел биотехнологии, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p><p>myosodus@gmail.com </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Adam K. Makaov, Junior Researcher, Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Molecular Breeding and DNA Pasportization, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.makaov@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1712-2018</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радченко</surname><given-names>О. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Radchenko</surname><given-names>O. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Емельяновна Радченко, научный сотрудник, отдел генетических ресурсов плодовых культур, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga E. Radchenko, Researcher, Department of Genetic Resources of Fruit Crops, VIR</p><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.radchenko@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0221-4088</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Криворучко</surname><given-names>К. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivoruchko</surname><given-names>K. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ксения Романовна Криворучко, магистрант, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44, </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ksenia R. Krivoruchko, Master's Student, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8334-8069</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонова</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonova</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Юрьевна Антонова, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий, лаборатория молекулярной селекции и ДНК-паспортизации, отдел биотехнологии, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga Yu. Antonova, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, Head, Laboratory of Molecular Breeding and DNA Pasportization, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olgaant326@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Макаов А.К., Радченко О.Е., Криворучко К.Р., Антонова О.Ю., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Макаов А.К., Радченко О.Е., Криворучко К.Р., Антонова О.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makaov A.K., Radchenko O.E., Krivoruchko K.R., Antonova O.Y.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/280">https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/280</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Слива домашняя Prunus domestica L., алыча Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. и терн Prunus spinosa L. относятся к секции Prunus подрода Prunophora (Neck. ex Spach) Focke рода Prunus L. Считается, что вид P. domestica произошел за счет гибридизации алычи и терна, однако из-за фенотипической разнородности сливы домашней, наличия широкого спектра вариаций и переходных форм, а также сложного гексаплоидного генома вопрос его происхождения до сих пор остается предметом споров. Для углубленного изучения филогенетических взаимоотношений в настоящее время широко применяют анализ полиморфизма пластидного генома с использованием технологий молекулярного маркирования и ДНК-штрихкодирования. В данном исследовании мы поставили себе целью разработать набор CAPS-маркеров для быстрого анализа полиморфизма последовательностей пластидной ДНК у представителей секции Prunus. Материалы и методы: На основе анализа последовательности хлДНК Prunus cerasifera var. pissardii (Carrière) L.H. Bailey была разработана 21 пара пластидоспецифичных праймеров. Также были задействованы праймеры, использовавшиеся раннее для анализа хлДНК у других видов семейства Розовые, а именно у представителей рода Rubus L. Для апробации праймеров и подбора рестриктаз использовали выборку, состоящую из семи образцов P. cerasifera, четырех сортов P. domestica, четырех образцов терна P. spinosa и одного сорта гибридного вида Prunus×rossica Eremin. Результаты: Нами разработано 10 потенциальных CAPS-маркеров (комбинаций праймер/рестриктаза), дающих наиболее наглядную картину полиморфизма сайтов пластидной ДНК у образцов сливы домашней, алычи и терна. Для подтверждения диагностической ценности отобранных CAPS-маркеров проведен анализ экспериментальной выборки образцов косточковых культур из коллекции ВИР, в которую входили 19 сортов P. domestica, 16 образцов P. spinosa, семь сортов P. cerasifera и один гибрид с участием сливы китайской Prunus salicina Lindl. У использованных в работе CAPS-маркеров выявлен разный уровень детектируемого полиморфизма, большая часть маркеров давала от трех до пяти вариантов рестрикционных профилей, наиболее полиморфным оказался район petN/psbM (маркер RubPlast9/TaqI) – девять спектров рестрикционных фрагментов. Сочетания различных рестрикционных профилей одного образца расценивали как гаплотип его хлДНК, всего в относительно небольшой выборке в 43 образца было выявлено 20 гаплотипов. Заключение. Таким образом, разработанные нами CAPS-маркеры позволяют эффективно анализировать полиморфизм пластомов косточковых культур. В дальнейшем эти маркеры будут использованы для изучения расширенных выборок образцов сливы домашней, алычи и терна и исследования взаимосвязей между данными видами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. Common plum Prunus domestica L., cherry plum Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. and blackthorn Prunus spinosa L. belong to the section Prunus of the subgenus Prunophora (Neck. ex Spach) Focke of the genus Prunus L. It is believed that the species P. domestica originated from hybridization of cherry plum and blackthorn, however, due to the phenotypic heterogeneity of the European plum, the presence of a wide range of variations and transitional forms, as well as a complex hexaploid genome, the question of its origin is still a matter of debate. For in-depth study of phylogenetic relationships, the analysis of polymorphism of plastid genome sites using molecular marking and DNA barcoding technologies is currently widely used. In this study, we aimed to develop a set of CAPS markers for rapid analysis of plastid DNA polymorphism in representatives of the Prunus section. Materials and methods. Based on the analysis of the cpDNA sequence of Prunus cerasifera var. pissardii (Carrière) L.H. Bailey, 21 pairs of plastid-specific primers have been developed. The primers previously applied to cpDNA analysis in other species of the Rosaceae family, namely in representatives of the genus Rubus L., were also used. To test the primers and select restriction enzymes, a subset consisting of seven accessions of P. cerasifera, four cultivars of P. domestica, four accessions of blackthorn P. spinosa and one cultivar of the hybrid species Prunus×rossica Eremin was used. Results. We have developed 10 potential CAPS markers (primer/restriction enzyme combinations) that provide the most visual picture of plastid DNA polymorphism in accessions of European plum, cherry plum and blackthorn. To confirm the diagnostic value of the selected CAPS markers, an analysis was performed on an experimental subset of stone fruit crops from the VIR collection, which included 19 cultivars of P. domestica, 16 accessions of P. spinosa, seven cultivars of P. cerasifera and one hybrid involving Chinese plum Prunus salicina Lindl. The CAPS markers used in the work showed different levels of detectable polymorphism, most of the markers identified from three to five variants of restriction profiles, the most polymorphic was the petN/psbM region (RubPlast9/TaqI marker) with nine different spectra of restriction fragments. Combinations of different restriction profiles for each accession were assessed as a haplotype of cpDNA; in total, 20 haplotypes were identified in a relatively small subset of 43 accessions. Conclusion. The developed CAPS markers allow us to effectively analyze the polymorphism of stone fruit plastomes in the future. They will be used to study broader experimental sets of accessions of European plum, cherry plum, and blackthorn and to investigate the relationships between these species.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Prunus sp.</kwd><kwd>слива домашняя</kwd><kwd>терн</kwd><kwd>алыча</kwd><kwd>пластидная ДНК</kwd><kwd>CAPS-маркеры</kwd><kwd>гаплотипы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Prunus sp.</kwd><kwd>common plum</kwd><kwd>blackthorn</kwd><kwd>cherry plum</kwd><kwd>plastid DNA</kwd><kwd>CAPS markers</kwd><kwd>haplotypes</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена в рамках Государственного задания согласно тематическому плану ВИР по теме № 1021032424343-9-4.4.4 FGEM-2022-0008.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The research was carried out according to the State Assignment to VIR, Topic No. 1021032424343-9-4.4.4 FGEM-2022-0008</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Антонова О.Ю., Клименко Н.С., Рыбаков Д.А., Фомина Н.А., Желтова В.В., Новикова Л.Ю., Гавриленко Т.А. 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