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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biosel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Биотехнология и селекция растений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant Biotechnology and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-6266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6258</issn><publisher><publisher-name>VIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2658-6266-2025-3-o2</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biosel-282</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ РАСТЕНИЙ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ МЕТОДОВ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОЙ ГЕНЕТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STUDY OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES USING MOLECULAR GENETICS METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Определение аллельного состава гена S-RNase у образцов коллекции груши, поддерживаемой на Майкопской опытной станции ВИР</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Determination of the S-RNase gene allelic composition in pear accessions of the collection maintained at the Maikop Experiment Station of VIR</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2474-752X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончаренко</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharenko</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анастасия Олеговна Гончаренко, младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория молекулярной селекции и ДНК-паспортизации, отдел биотехнологии, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiia O. Goncharenko, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Breeding and DNA Pasportization, Department of Biotechnology, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aogoncharenko97@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0768-0056</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Багмет</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bagmet</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лариса Владимировна Багмет, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, отдел агроботаники и in situ сохранения генетических ресурсов растений, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larisa V. Bagmet, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, Department of Agrobotany and in situ Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">l.bagmet@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5700-0384</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марина Николаевна Петрова, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий специалист, отдел генетических ресурсов плодовых культур, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina N. Petrova, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Leading specialist, Department of Fruit Crop Genetic Resources, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adresspb-petrova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8334-8069</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонова</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonova</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Юрьевна Антонова, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, и.о. заведующего, лаборатория молекулярной селекции и ДНК-паспортизации, отдел биотехнологии, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga Yu. Antonova, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, Acting Head, Laboratory of Molecular Breeding and DNA Pasportization, Department of Biotechnology, VIR</p><p>42,44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olgaant326@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I.  Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>31</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гончаренко А.О., Багмет Л.В., Петрова М.Н., Антонова О.Ю., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гончаренко А.О., Багмет Л.В., Петрова М.Н., Антонова О.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Goncharenko A.O., Bagmet L.V., Petrova M.N., Antonova O.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/282">https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/282</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Груша (Pyrus L.) – одна из важнейших плодовых культур, широко распространённых в мире. При этом в Европе и исторически с ней связанных странах (США, Австралия) выращиваются сорта одного одомашненного вида Pyrus communis L., а в азиатском регионе (Китай, Корея, Япония, Дальний Восток) культурные сорта создавались на базе отдельных ботанических видов, прежде всего P. pyrifolia (Burm.fil.) Nakai, P. bretschneideri Rehder., P. ussuriensis Maxim. и P. × sinkiangensis T.T. Yu. Одним из важнейших центров формирования сортимента груши европейской считают кавказский регион. Сосредоточение на Кавказе большого числа видов с перекрывающимися ареалами способствовало интенсивной межвидовой гибридизации и появлению полигибридных форм, которые могли использоваться в народной селекции. Коммерческое выращивание груши сталкивается с рядом трудностей, среди которых не последнее место занимает самонесовместимость сортов. Гаметофитная самонесовместимость у груши контролируется S-локусом, который включает в себя ген S-RNase и множество генов SFBB. Эти гены отличаются высоким уровнем полиморфизма, поэтому изучение S-локуса может быть применено не только для подбора опылителей в коммерческих садах груши, но и для молекулярного S-генотипирования. Целью данной работы была характеристика коллекции груши, поддерживаемой на Майкопской ОС – филиале ВИР, и прежде всего местных стародавних сортов кавказского и крымского происхождения, при помощи различных систем маркеров аллелей S-локуса. Материалы и методы: изучена выборка, состоящая из 194 образцов, включающая 182 сорта и четыре гибридные формы из коллекции Майкопской опытной станции – филиала ВИР, а также восьми образцов, собранных в рамках экспедиции ВИР по Северному Кавказу в 2022 году. Основными анализируемыми группами были сорта европейской селекции (49) и селекционных учреждений Кавказа (63), местные кавказские сорта (46) и группа крымских сортов (13). В работе были использованы консенсусные PycomC1/PycomC5 и аллель-специфичные праймеры, подобранные по данным из литературы. Результаты: при помощи обеих систем молекулярных маркеров нам удалось дифференцировать в выборке 25 различных аллелей S-локуса. Семь аллелей (S101, S102, S103, S104-1, S104-2, S108 и S122) присутствовали в выборке с частотой ≥ 10%, различия между частотами некоторых из них были статистически значимыми в группах местных кавказских, европейских и крымских сортов. Также данные группы различались по наличию редких и уникальных аллелей и по присутствию большого количества триплоидных форм. Заключение: в результате молекулярного скрининга значительной выборки образцов груши различного происхождения было установлено аллельное разнообразие S-локуса и выявлено своеобразие сортов народной селекции Кавказа и Крыма. Местные сорта с оригинальным профилем S-аллелей могут являться ценным материалом для селекции.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background: Pear (Pyrus L.) is one of the most important fruit crops, widespread in the world. While in Europe and historically associated countries (USA, Australia), cultivars of one domesticated species Pyrus communis L. are grown, in the Asian region (China, Korea, Japan, Far East), cultivars were created based on individual botanical species, primarily Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.fil.) Nakai, P. bretschneideri Rehder., P. ussuriensis Maxim., and P. × sinkiangensis T.T. Yu. The Caucasus region is considered as one of the most important centers for the formation of European pear cultivars. The concentration of a large number of species with overlapping ranges in the Caucasus promoted intensive interspecific hybridization and the emergence of polyhybrid forms that could be used in folk breeding. Commercial pear cultivation faces a number of difficulties, not the least of which is the self-incompatibility of cultivars. Gametophytic self-incompatibility in pear is controlled by the S-locus, which includes the S-RNase gene and multiple SFBB genes. These genes are highly polymorphic, so the study of the S-locus applies not only to the selection of pollinators in commercial pear orchards, but also to molecular S-genotyping. The aim of this work was to characterize the pear collection maintained at the VIR Maikop Experiment Station, and primarily landraces of Caucasian and Crimean origin, using various systems of S-locus allele markers. Materials and methods: we studied a subset of 194 accessions, including 182 cultivars and four hybrid forms from the collection of the Maikop Experiment Station of VIR, as well as eight accessions collected as part of the VIR expedition to the North Caucasus in 2022. The main analyzed groups were cultivars bred in Europe (49), those created by breeding institutions in the Caucasus (63), local Caucasian cultivars (46) and a group of Crimean cultivars (13). In the work, we used consensus PycomC1/PycomC5 and allele-specific primers selected from the literature data. Results: using both molecular marker systems, we were able to identify 25 S-alleles in the subset. Seven alleles (S101, S102, S103, S104-1, S104-2, S108, and S122) were present with a frequency of ≥10%, the differences between frequencies of some of them were statistically significant in groups of local Caucasian, European and Crimean cultivars. These groups also differed in the presence of rare and unique alleles and in the presence of a large number of triploid forms. Conclusion: molecular screening of a large subset of pear accessions has established the allelic diversity of the S-locus and the uniqueness of the folk cultivars from the Caucasus and Crimea. Local cultivars with the original S-allele profile can be valuable material for breeding.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Pyrus L. sp.</kwd><kwd>сорта народной селекции</kwd><kwd>S-локус</kwd><kwd>молекулярные маркеры</kwd><kwd>S-аллельный полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>самонесовместимость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Pyrus L. sp.</kwd><kwd>folk cultivars</kwd><kwd>S-locus</kwd><kwd>molecular markers</kwd><kwd>S-allelic polymorphism</kwd><kwd>self-incompatibility</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Государственных заданий согласно тематическому плану ВИР по темам №1021032424343-9-4.4.4 FGEM-2022-0008 и №1021032424911-4-4.1.1;4.4.4 FGEM-2022-0006</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of State assignments in accordance with the Thematic Plan of VIR on topics No. 1021032424343-9-4.4.4 FGEM-2022-0008 and No. 1021032424911-4-4.1.1;4.4.4 FGEM-2022-0006</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aguiar B., Vieira J., Cunha A.E., Fonseca N.A., Reboiro-Jato D., Reboiro-Jato M., Fdez-Riverola F., Raspé O., Vieira C.P. 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