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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biosel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Биотехнология и селекция растений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant Biotechnology and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-6266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6258</issn><publisher><publisher-name>VIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2658-6266-2025-4-o8</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biosel-287</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАЗВИТИЕ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ МЕТОДОВ СЕЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN BREEDING METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изменчивость хозяйственно ценных признаков конопли посевной в зависимости от региона возделывания</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Variability of economically important traits of hemp depending on the region of cultivation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0602-1211</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ущаповский</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ushchapovsky</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Валентинович Ущаповский, кандидат биологических наук, заместитель директора по научной работе, ФНЦ ЛК</p><p>170041 Россия, Тверь, Комсомольский пр., 17/56</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor V. Ushchapovsky, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Deputy Director for Research, FRCBGC </p><p>17/56, Komsomolsky Avenue, Tver, 170041 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.uschapovsky@fnclk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5819-1351</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шиманская</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shimanskaya</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Сергеевна Шиманская, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, лаборатория молекулярно-генетических исследований и клеточной селекции, ФНЦ ЛК</p><p>170041 Россия, Тверь, Комсомольский пр., 17/56</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya S. Shimanskaya, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Leading Researcher, FRCBGC</p><p>17/56, Komsomolsky Avenue, Tver, 170041 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.shimanskaya@fnclk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8308-4200</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Серков</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Serkov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валериан Александрович Серков, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, главный научный сотрудник, лаборатория селекционных технологий, Федеральный научный центр лубяных культур, ФНЦ ЛК </p><p>442731 Россия, Пензенская обл., р.п. Лунино, ул. Мичурина, 1 Б</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valerian A. Serkov, Dr. Sci. (Agriculture), Chief Researcher, FRCBGC</p><p>1 B, Michurina Street, Lunino Workers' Settlement, Penza Region, 442731 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.serkov.pnz@fnclk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8932-7023</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Васильевна Иванова, младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория селекционных технологий, ФНЦ ЛК</p><p>214025 Россия, Смоленск, ул. Нахимова, 21</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana V. Ivanova, Junior Researcher, FRCBGC </p><p>21, Nakhimov Street, Smolensk, 214025 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.ivanova.sml@fnclk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный научный центр лубяных культур</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Scientific Center of Bast Crops</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>55</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ущаповский И.В., Шиманская Н.С., Серков В.А., Иванова С.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ущаповский И.В., Шиманская Н.С., Серков В.А., Иванова С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ushchapovsky I.V., Shimanskaya N.S., Serkov V.A., Ivanova S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/287">https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/287</self-uri><abstract><p>Увеличение посевных площадей под определенной сельскохозяйственной культурой во многом зависит от уровня адаптивного потенциала, которым обладают новые или находящиеся в производстве сорта. Целью данного исследования являлась сравнительная оценка изменчивости хозяйственно ценных признаков сортов конопли посевной среднерусского экотипа – ‘Надежда’, ‘Людмила’, ‘Сурская’, ‘Вера’, в условиях Среднего Поволжья и Западной части Центрального региона Нечерноземной зоны России. В 2023-2024 годах исследования проводили на экспериментальных полях Федерального научного центра лубяных культур (ФНЦ ЛК) в Пензенской и Смоленской областях. Агроклиматические условия регионов значительно отличались по влагообеспеченности. Сумма активных температур в Пензенской области составила в 2023 году 2397°С, в 2024 – 2234°С, количество осадков 177 мм и 156 мм соответственно. В Смоленской области – сумма активных температур в 2023 году – 2299°С, в 2024 году – 2385°С, количество осадков 236 мм и 358 мм, соответственно. Благоприятные климатические условия двух лет испытаний позволили в значительной мере реализовать сортовой потенциал, проявляющийся в условиях оригинатора. В Смоленской области максимальные показатели высоты растения достигали 191 см, технической длины 162 см, 7,8 г – массы семян с растения. В Пензенской области эти значения доходили до 281 см по высоте, 262 см по технической длине и 18,7 г по массе семян с растения. Изменчивость хозяйственно ценных признаков у всех изучаемых сортов зависела от тепло- и влагообеспеченности растений. В условиях Западной части Центрального региона уровень изменчивости основных хозяйственно ценных признаков был выше, а именно коэффициент вариации достигал 16,2% по высоте растения, 13,9% по технической длине, 27,0% по диаметру стебля. В Среднем Поволжье максимальные значения изменчивости были отмечены по высоте растений 13,6%, технической длине 13,4%, по диаметру стебля 19,8%. Хозяйственно ценные признаки, характеризующие урожайность семян, более изменчивы, чем по соломе: максимальный уровень изменчивости отмечен по массе семян с растения в Пензенской области – 46%, в Смоленской области – 63,9%. Использование методов математического анализа позволило установить, что среди изученных сортов сорт ‘Вера’ обладает высокой пластичностью: коэффициент линейной регрессии на условия среды по Эберхарту и Расселу bi =1,4; и низкой стабильностью: средневзвешенное значение абсолютных баллов WAASВ=54,4; баланс урожайности и стабильности – индекс WAASBY=50,0. Сорт ‘Сурская’ демонстрирует высокую стабильность: WAASВ=19,7; WAASBY=52,7. Наиболее продуктивным по урожаю семян в обеих зонах испытания был сорт ‘Вера’.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Increasing the area under a given agricultural crop largely depends on the adaptive potential of new cultivars or those in production. The objective of this study was to comparatively assess the variability of economically important traits in hemp cultivars of the Central Russian ecotype ‘Nadezhda’, ‘Lyudmila’, ‘Surskaya’, and ‘Vera’ in the Middle Volga region and the western part of the Central Non-Chernozem Zone of Russia. In 2023-2024, the research was conducted in experimental fields at the Federal Scientific Center for Bast Crops in the Penza and Smolensk regions. The agroclimatic conditions of the regions varied significantly in terms of moisture availability. The sum of active temperatures in the Penza Region was 2397°C in 2023 and 2234°C in 2024, with precipitation of 177 mm and 156 mm, respectively. In the Smolensk Region, the sum of active temperatures was 2299°C in 2023, and 2385°C in 2024, with precipitation of 236 mm and 358 mm, respectively. The favorable climatic conditions during the two years of testing allowed for a significant realization of the cultivars’ potential, as observed under the conditions of the originator. In the Smolensk Region, maximum plant height reached 191 cm, technical length 162 cm, and seed weight per plant was 7.8 g. In the Penza Region, these values reached 281 cm in height, 262 cm in technical length, and 18.7 g in seed weight per plant. Variability of economically important traits in all studied cultivars depended on heat and moisture availability. In the conditions of the western part of the Central region, the level of variability of the main economically important traits was higher, namely, the variation coefficient reached 16.2% for plant height, 13.9% for technical length, and 27.0% for stem diameter. In the Middle Volga region, the maximum variability values were noted at 13.6% for plant height, 13.4% for technical length, and 19.8% for stem diameter. Economically important traits characterizing the generative structure are more variable than vegetative ones: the maximum level of variability was recorded at 46% for seed weight per plant in the Penza Region and 63.9% in the Smolensk Region. Using mathematical analysis methods, it was established that among the studied cultivars ‘Vera’ exhibited high plasticity: the linear regression coefficient for environmental conditions according to Eberhart and Russell (bi) was 1.4, and low stability: the weighted average of absolute scores (WAASВ) was 54.4; and the yield and stability balance index (WAASBY) was 50.0. Cv. ‘Surskaya’ demonstrated high stability with WAASВ=19.7, and WAASBY=52.7, and cv. ‘Vera’ demonstrated the highest seed yield in both test zones.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>селекция</kwd><kwd>конопля посевная</kwd><kwd>безнаркотический сорт</kwd><kwd>генотип</kwd><kwd>изменчивость</kwd><kwd>пластичность</kwd><kwd>стабильность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>breeding</kwd><kwd>hemp</kwd><kwd>non-narcotic cultivar</kwd><kwd>genotype</kwd><kwd>variability</kwd><kwd>plasticity</kwd><kwd>stability</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания согласно тематическому плану ФНЦ ЛК по теме № FGSS-2024-0002.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of the State Assignment to the Federal Scientific Center of Bast Crops in accordance with the Thematic Plan topic No. FGSS-2024-0002.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdollahi M., Sefidkon F., Calagari M., Mousavi A., Mahomoodally M.F. 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