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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biosel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Биотехнология и селекция растений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant Biotechnology and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-6266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6258</issn><publisher><publisher-name>VIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2658-6266-2025-4-o1</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biosel-290</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАЗВИТИЕ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ МЕТОДОВ СЕЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN BREEDING METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Содержание и вязкость камеди в образцах гуара коллекции ВИР, выращенных в условиях полива и искусственной засухи в Волгоградской области</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Gum content and viscosity in VIR guar accessions grown under irrigation and artificial drought conditions in Volgograd Region</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5779-5404</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кручина-Богданов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kruchina-Bogdanov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Вадимович Кручина-Богданов, генеральный директор</p><p>194021 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, переулок Институтский, 5, строение 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor V. Kruchina-Bogdanov, General Director, LLC “AMT”</p><p>Building 2, 5, Institutsky Lane, St. Petersburg, 194021 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">igogo011@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4051-3671</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новикова</surname><given-names>Л. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikova</surname><given-names>L. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Любовь Юрьевна Новикова, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, главный научный сотрудник, отдел автоматизированных информационных систем,  ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyubov Yu. Novikova, Dr. Sci. (Agriculture), Chief Researcher, Department of Automatic Information Systems, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">l.novikova@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-104X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаухаров</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shauharov</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рамазан Абатович Шаухаров, специалист,  ВИР,  Волгоградская опытная станция – филиал ВИР</p><p>404160 Россия, Волгоградская область, Среднеахтубинский район, Краснослободск, Опытная станция ВИР, 30</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ramazan A. Shauharov, Specialist, VIR, Volgograd Experiment Station, a branch of VIR</p><p>30, Sredneakhtubinsky District, Krasnoslobodsk, Volgograd Region, 404160 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">romanshauharov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2808-7745</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вишнякова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vishnyakova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маргарита Афанасьевна Вишнякова, доктор биологических наук, главный научный сотрудник, отдел генетических ресурсов зернобобовых культур,  ВИР</p><p>190031 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Margarita A. Vishnyakova, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Chief Researcher, Department of Grain Legume Genetic Resources, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.vishnyakova.vir@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ООО «АМТ»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">AMT, Ltd.<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растении имени Н.И. Вавилова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.I.  Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова, Волгоградская опытная станция –филиал ВИР<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.I.  Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources,  Volgograd Experiment Station, a branch of VIR<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.I.  Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кручина-Богданов И.В., Новикова Л.Ю., Шаухаров Р.А., Вишнякова М.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кручина-Богданов И.В., Новикова Л.Ю., Шаухаров Р.А., Вишнякова М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kruchina-Bogdanov I.V., Novikova L.Y., Shauharov R.A., Vishnyakova M.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/290">https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/290</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Камедь гуара Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. – зернобобового растения тропического происхождения – важный стратегический ресурс, используемый в таких основополагающих отраслях экономики России, как добыча нефти и газа. Это полисахарид галактоманнан с высокой гелеобразующей способностью, благодаря чему он используется в качестве загустителя и стабилизатора во многих других секторах отечественной экономики. Российская Федерация (РФ) закупает гуаровую камедь (ГК) на внешнем рынке. После интродукции гуара в РФ в начале ХХI века появились перспективы производства отечественной камеди. В связи с этим необходимы исследования генофонда культуры для выявления количества и качества продуцируемой растениями камеди в зависимости от генотипа и среды.  Материал и методы. Анализировали 12 образцов гуара из коллекции ВИР: четыре толерантных, четыре чувствительных и четыре нейтральных по отношению к засухе.  Содержание камеди в семенах и приведенную удельную вязкость определяли ускоренным лабораторным методом получения вытяжек камеди для вискозиметрической оценки. Статистическая обработка данных проведена в пакете Statistica 13.3.  Результаты. Содержание камеди в семенах в среднем по выборке составило 22,3%, а приведенной удельной вязкости (η) 10770. Концентрация ГК слабо зависит от проанализированных в опыте факторов: год, режим водоснабжения, отношение образца к водоснабжению. Установлено, что на изменчивость значений η решающее влияние оказывает генотип (51%), влияния искусственной засухи, устанавливаемой после начала плодообразования, на этот признак не обнаружено. Выявлены образцы с наибольшими показателями ГК и η.  Заключение. Сравнительно большое значение η обнаружено у генотипов, толерантных к засухе. Год эксперимента оказался вторым по значимости фактором после генотипа. Полагаем, что более продолжительный период созревания в 2023 году и более высокая сумма накопленных активных температур способствовали бóльшему содержанию и бóльшей приведенной удельной вязкости камеди.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. The gum extracted from guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.), a tropical legume, is an important strategic resource required in such fundamental sectors of the Russian economy as oil and gas production. It is a polysaccharide galactomannan with high gelling capacity, making it used as a thickener and stabilizer in many other sectors of the national economy. The Russian Federation imports guar gum. Following the introduction of guar to the Russian Federation in the early 21st century, opportunities for domestic gum production emerged. In this regard, research is needed to determine how the quantity and quality of the plant-produced gum depend on genotype and environment, and to find ways to maximize these characteristics. Materials and Methods. Twelve guar accessions from the VIR collection were analyzed: four tolerant, four sensitive and four neutral to drought. Seed gum content and the reduced specific viscosity were determined using a rapid laboratory method for obtaining gum extracts for viscometric evaluation. The data were statistically processed using the Statistica 13.3 package. Results. The average gum content in the seeds across the accessions was 22.3%, and the reduced specific viscosity (η) was 10,770. The gum content was found to weakly depend on such analyzed factors as the year, water supply regime, and the response of the accession to water supply. It was established that the variability of the reduced specific viscosity was mostly affected by the genotype (51%). The content and reduced specific viscosity of gum in guar seeds were insensitive to artificial drought initiated after the onset of fruiting and to the water supply regime. The accessions with the highest gum content and η values have been identified. Conclusions. A comparatively higher reduced specific viscosity of gum was found in drought-tolerant genotypes. The year of the experiment turned out to be the second most important factor after the genotype. We suppose that the longer maturation period in 2023 and the higher total accumulated active temperatures contributed to the higher content and higher reduced specific viscosity of the gum.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гуар</kwd><kwd>количество и качество камеди</kwd><kwd>водоснабжение</kwd><kwd>условия года</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>guar</kwd><kwd>gum quality and quantity</kwd><kwd>water supply</kwd><kwd>year conditions</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РНФ в рамках научного проекта 23-16-00195 от 15 мая 2023 г.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation under research project No. 23-16-00195 dated May 15, 2023.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al-Shameri A., Al-Qurainy F., Khan S., Mohammad N., Gaafar A.-R., Tarroum M., Alameri A., Alansi S., Ashraf M. 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