bioselБиотехнология и селекция растенийPlant Biotechnology and Breeding2658-62662658-6258VIR10.30901/2658-6266-2025-4-o3biosel-296Research ArticleРАЗВИТИЕ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ МЕТОДОВ СЕЛЕКЦИИDEVELOPMENT OF MODERN BREEDING METHODSНовые интрогрессивные линии ярового ячменя, созданные на основе межвидовых гибридов Hordeum vulgare L. с H. bulbosum L.New introgressive lines of spring barley, which were obtained on the basis of interspecific hybrids between Hordeum vulgare L. and H. bulbosum L.https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2814-7074ПендиненГ. И.PendinenG. I.

Галина Ивановна Пендинен, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, ВИР

190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44

Galina I. Pendinen, Cand. Sci (Biology), Senior Researcher, Department of Biotechnology, VIR

42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia

pendinen@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2440-3782ЧерновВ. Е.ChernovV. E.,

Владимир Евгеньевич Чернов, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, отдел Светофизиологии растений и биопродуктивности агроэкосистем,  АФИ; Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова

195220 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, Гражданский пр., 14; 194175 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Академика Лебедева, 6 лит. Ж

Vladimir E. Chernov, Cand. Sci (Biology), Senior Researcher, Department of Plant Light Physiology and Agroecosystem Bioproductivity, AFI; S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy

14, Grazhdanskiy Avenue, St. Petersburg, 195220 Russia;  6 Lit. Zh, Academician Lebedev Street, St. Petersburg, 194175 Russia

vechernov@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-1388-4072ЖариновК. А.ZharinovK. A.

Константин Анатольевич Жаринов, кандидат технических наук, доцент, ТУ; ГК Люмэкс

190013 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, Московский пр., 24-26/49 литера А;, 195220 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Обручевых, 1, литер «Б»

Konstantin A. Zharinov, Cand. Sci (Engineering), Associate Professor, St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology;  GC Lumex

24-26/49 A, Moskovsky Avenue, St. Petersburg, 190013 Russia; 1 Liter “B”, Obruchevykh Street, St. Petersburg, 195220 Russia

zharinovka@lumex.ruФедеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. ВавиловаРоссияN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesRussian FederationВоенно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова; Агрофизический научно-исследовательский институтРоссияS.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy; Agrophysical Research InstituteRussian FederationСанкт-Петербургский Государственный технологический институт (Технический университет),; ГК ЛюмэксРоссияSaint-Petersburg State Institute of Technology; LumexRussian Federation202530122025842945Copyright © Пендинен Г.И., Чернов В.Е., Жаринов К.А., 20252025Пендинен Г.И., Чернов В.Е., Жаринов К.А.Pendinen G.I., Chernov V.E., Zharinov K.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/296

 Актуальность Привлечение чужеродного генетического материала ячменя луковичного Hordeum bulbosum L. для расширения разнообразия ячменя культурного Hordeum vulgare L. является важной задачей. Одним из путей использования генетического потенциала ячменя луковичного служит межвидовая гибридизация и получение на основе гибридов фертильных интрогрессивных линий H. vulgare. Целью исследования было создание и изучение интрогрессивных линий (ИЛ) культурного ячменя, полученных на основе межвидовых гибридов с ячменем луковичным. Материал Отбор ИЛ Hordeum vulgare с чужеродными интрогрессиями проводили в поколениях от самоопыления растений ячменя, полученных в результате опыления культурного ячменя частично фертильной пыльцой межвидовых гибридов: триплоидного H. vulgare ‘Roland’ (2x) × H. bulbosum W851 (4x) (HvHbHb) и тетраплоидного H. bulbosum И:632321 (4x) × H. vulgare ‘Borwina’ (4x) (HbHbHvHv). Изучали созданные в процессе работы 21 ИЛ с терминальными интрогрессиями генетического материала ячменя луковичного в различных плечах хромосом: 1HL, 2HL, 3HS, 5HL, 1HL+3HS, 6HS. Методы Для выявления и идентификации интрогрессий и анализа их сохранения при полевой репродукции использовали метод флюоресцентной ДНК-ДНК гибридизации in situ (FISH, GISH). Растения линий выращивали в полевых условиях без изоляции колоса. У ИЛ определяли показатели фертильности и продуктивности: число зерен в колосе, озернённость колоса в %, массу зерна с колоса и массу 1000 зерен. Показатели качества зерна: содержание белка и сырой клетчатки определяли в процентах от общей сухой массы зерна неразрушающим методом спектроскопии в ближней инфракрасной области (БИК). Результаты На основе межвидовых гибридов создана 21 ИЛ культурного ячменя с терминальными интрогрессиями генетического материала ячменя луковичного в хромосомах 1HL, 2HL, 3HS, 5HL, 6HS, 1HL+3HS. Для всех ИЛ, как и для родительского сорта, характерно закрытое цветение, они сохраняют интрогрессии в потомстве при культивировании в поле без изоляции. Большинство ИЛ по показателям фертильности и продуктивности соответствуют культурному ячменю. Среди ИЛ с терминальной интрогрессией в длинном плече хромосомы 2HL выявлены формы с различной фертильностью. Озернённость колоса у этих форм связана с размером чужеродной интрогрессии. ИЛ 2.1.2.2.2, 2.1.2.2.6 и 2.1.1.3.1.4 с размером чужеродного фрагмента, визуально схожим с исходным, характеризуются низкой озерненностью колоса (менее 22%). Уменьшение размера терминальной интрогрессии приводит к восстановлению фертильности. Анализ качества зерна 18 ИЛ культурного ячменя показал, что для линий 1.4.1.1 c интрогрессией в хромосоме 3HS, а также 1.3.1 и 1.4.2.1 с двумя интрогрессиями 1HL+3HS отмечена тенденция повышения содержания белка в зерне по сравнению с исходным сортом ‘Roland’. Выводы Создана 21 ИЛ ячменя с терминальными интрогрессиями в различных хромосомах: 1HL, 2HL, 3HS, 5HL, 6HS, 1HL+3HS. Из них 18 представляют собой высокофертильные формы ячменя, для которых характерно закрытое цветение и самоопыление, что обеспечивает сохранение интрогрессированных чужеродных фрагментов хромосом в последующих поколениях. Для ИЛ с интрогрессией в хромосоме 2HL выявлена зависимость фертильности от размера терминального чужеродного фрагмента. У ИЛ, несущих фрагмент генетического материала H. bulbosum в терминальном участке короткого плеча хромосомы 3Н, выявлено белее высокое содержание белка в зерне по сравнению с исходным сортом ‘Roland’.

Background. Involving alien genetic material of Hordeum bulbosum in the genome for the expansion of the genetic diversity of cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an important task because this species is characterized by a number of valuable traits. One of the ways of using the genetic potential of bulbous barley is the interspecific hybridization and the production of fertile introgression lines of H. vulgare on the basis of interspecific hybrids. The purpose of the study was to synthesize and study introgression lines (IL) of cultivated barley developed using interspecific hybrids with bulbous barley. Materials. H. vulgare ILs with alien introgressions were selected in generations from self-pollination of barley plants obtained by pollination of cultivated barley with partially fertile pollen of interspecific hybrids H. vulgare ‘Roland’ (2x) × H. bulbosum W851 (4x) (HvHbHb) and H. bulbosum I:632321 (4x) × H. vulgare ‘Borwina’ (4x) (HbHbHvHv). The study involved a total of 21 developed ILs with terminal introgression of bulbous barley genetic material in different chromosome arms, namely 1HL, 2HL, 3HS, 5HL, 1HL+3HS, 6HS. Methods. DNA-DNA in situ hybridization (FISH, GISH) was employed to detect and identify introgressions and analyze their retention during field reproduction. Plants of the lines were grown in the field without isolation of spikes. Characteristics of fertility and productivity of ILs (number of grains per spike, spike grain content (%), grain weight per spike, and 1000-kernel weight) were determined. Grain quality parameters, i.e. protein and crude fiber content, were determined as a percentage of the total dry weight of the grain using a non-destructive method of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Results. Based on interspecific hybrids, 21 cultivated barley ILs were created with terminal introgression of bulbous barley genetic material in chromosomes 1HL, 2HL, 3HS, 5HL, 6HS, and 1HL+3HS. All lines, like the parent cultivar, are characterized by closed flowering, and the lines retain their introgression in their progeny when grown in the field without isolation. Most of the ILs match cultivated barley in fertility and productivity. Among the ILs with terminal introgression on the long arm of chromosome 2HL, forms with varying fertility were identified. Spike grain content in these forms is associated with the size of the foreign introgression: ILs 2.1.2.2.2, 2.1.2.2.6 and 2.1.1.3.1.4 with an introgression of a size visually similar to the original, are characterized by low spike grain content (less than 22%). A decrease in the size of the terminal introgression leads to the restoration of fertility. Analysis of the grain quality of 18 cultivated barley lines showed a tendency towards an increase in the protein content in the grain of line 1.4.1.1 with an introgression on chromosome 3HS, as well as of lines 1.3.1 and 1.4.2.1 with two introgressions 1HL+3HS, compared to the original cultivar ‘Roland’. Conclusions. Twenty-one barley introgression lines with terminal introgressions on various chromosomes (1HL, 2HL, 3HS, 5HL, 6HS, and 1HL+3HS) were developed. Of these, 18 are highly fertile forms of barley, characterized by closed flowering and self-pollination, which ensures the retention of the introgressed foreign chromosome fragments in subsequent generations. For the ILs with an introgression on chromosome 2HL, a dependence of fertility on the size of the foreign terminal fragment was revealed. The ILs carrying a fragment of H. bulbosum genetic material in the terminal region of the short arm of chromosome 3H were found to have a higher grain protein content compared to the original cultivar ‘Roland’.

ячменьHordeum vulgareHordeum bulbosumмежвидовая гибридизациячужеродная интрогрессияинтрогрессивная линиягеномная in situ гибридизацияbarleyHordeum vulgareHordeum bulbosuminterspecific hybridizationalien introgressionintrogressive linegenomic in situ hybridizationРабота выполнена в рамках государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ по теме FGEM-2022-0009 «Структурирование и раскрытие потенциала наследственной изменчивости мировой коллекции зерновых и крупяных культур ВИР для развития оптимизированного генбанка и рационального использования в селекции и растениеводстве».The work was carried out within the framework of the State Assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, topic No. FGEM-2022-0009 “Structuring and disclosing the potential of hereditary variation in the global collection of cereal and groat crops at VIR for the development of an optimized genebank and its sustainable utilization in plant breeding and crop production”.ReferencesBothmer R., Seberg O., Jacobsen N. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.