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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biosel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Биотехнология и селекция растений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant Biotechnology and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-6266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6258</issn><publisher><publisher-name>VIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2658-6266-2025-3-o5</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biosel-304</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДЫ БИОТЕХНОЛОГИИ В СЕМЕНОВОДСТВЕ И СЕЛЕКЦИИ РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOTECHNOLOGY TECHNIQUES IN SEED PRODUCTION AND PLANT BREEDING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оптимизация протоколов  in vitro для сортов арбуза Citrullus lanatus  (Thunb.) Matsum. &amp; Nakai селекции ВИР</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Optimization of in vitro  protocols for VIR cultivars of watermelon Citrullus lanatus  (Thunb.) Matsum. &amp; Nakai</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8881-8791</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иноземцева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Inozemtseva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анастасия Вадимовна Иноземцева, аспирант, младший научный сотрудник, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiia V. Inozemtseva, Postgraduate Student, Junior Researcher, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.inozemtseva@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0246-8929</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евлаш</surname><given-names>А. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Evlash</surname><given-names>A. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анастасия Ярославовна Евлаш, младший научный сотрудник, Научно-технологический университет «Сириус», Научный центр генетики и наук о жизни</p><p>354340 Россия, Краснодарский край, Федеральная территория «Сириус», Олимпийский пр., 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia Ya. Evlash, Junior Researcher, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Research Center of Genetics and Life Sciences</p><p>1, Olimpiysky Avenue, Sirius Federal Territory, Krasnodar Region, 354340 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evlash-nastja@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9735-8700</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елацкова</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Elatskova</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Генриховна Елацкова, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник, ВИР, Кубанская опытная станция – филиал ВИР</p><p>352183 Россия, Краснодарский край, п. Ботаника, ул. Центральная, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna G. Elatskova, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Senior Researcher, VIR, Kuban Experiment Station, a branch of VIR</p><p>2, Tsentralnaya Street, Botanika Settlement, Krasnodar Region, 352183 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elatskova.a@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8470-8254</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хлесткина</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khlestkina</surname><given-names>E. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Константиновна Хлесткина, доктор биологических наук, член-корреспондент РАН, директор, ВИР; Научно-технологический университет «Сириус», Научный центр генетики и наук о жизни</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44;  354340 Россия, Краснодарский край, Федеральная территория «Сириус», Олимпийский пр., 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena K. Khlestkina, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Corr. Mem. of the RAS, Director, VIR; Sirius University of Science and Technology, Research Center of Genetics and Life Sciences</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia; 1, Olimpiysky Avenue, Sirius Federal Territory, Krasnodar Territory, 354340 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">director@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1958-5008</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Швачко</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shvachko</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталия Альбертовна Швачко, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, и.о. заместителя директора по научно-организационной работе, и.о. заведующего, лаборатория постгеномных исследований, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya A. Shvachko, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, Acting Deputy Director for Scientific and Organizational Work, Acting Head, Laboratory of Postgenomic Research, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.shvachko@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.I.  Vavilov  All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-технологический университет «Сириус»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Sirius University of Science and Technology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР), Кубанская опытная станция – филиал ВИР<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.I.  Vavilov  All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Kuban Experiment Station, a branch of VIR<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова; Научно-технологический университет «Сириус»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.I.  Vavilov  All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources;  Sirius University of Science and Technology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иноземцева А.В., Евлаш А.Я., Елацкова А.Г., Хлесткина Е.К., Швачко Н.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иноземцева А.В., Евлаш А.Я., Елацкова А.Г., Хлесткина Е.К., Швачко Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Inozemtseva A.V., Evlash A.Y., Elatskova A.G., Khlestkina E.K., Shvachko N.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/304">https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/304</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. &amp; Nakai – важная бахчевая культура. Эффективность применения методов культивирования in vitro ограничена генотип-специфичной реакцией эксплантов на состав питательных сред, что требует оптимизации протоколов для коммерчески значимых сортов. Материалы и методы. Исследовано девять сортов арбуза селекции ВИР. Использовали модификации питательной среды МС для введения в культуру in vitro, различные комбинации фитогормонов БАП, НУК, ИУК, 2,4-Д и ТДЗ для укоренения, каллусообразования и регенерации. Статистический анализ выполнен с использованием точного теста Фишера (p&lt;0,05). Результаты и обсуждение. Безгормональные питательные среды обеспечили до 88% введения в культуру in vitro жизнеспособных эксплантов. На средах с НУК укоренение достигало 70-88%. Оптимальная индукция каллуса (до 100%) наблюдалась на среде с 0,5 мг/л БАП и 0,1 мг/л 2,4-Д, регенерация – на среде с 1 мг/л БАП и 0,1 мг/л НУК. Заключение. Оптимизированы этапы культивирования эксплантов in vitro для различных сортов арбуза, что обеспечивает высокую эффективность введения в культуру, каллусообразования и регенерации, создавая основу для последующих биотехнологических исследований.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. &amp; Nakai is an important cucurbit crop. The efficiency of in vitro methods is limited by the genotype-specific response of explants to culture media composition, which necessitates protocol optimization for commercially important cultivars. Materials and methods. Nine watermelon cultivars bred at VIR were studied. The research used modified MS culture media for introducing explants into in vitro culture, as well as various combinations of phytohormones (BAP, NUK, IUK, 2,4-D, and TDZ) for rooting, callus formation, and regeneration. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test (p&lt;0.05). Results. Hormone-free culture media ensured the introduction of up to 88% of viable explants into in vitro culture. On the NAA-supplemented media, rooting reached 70-88%. Optimal callus induction (up to 100%) was observed on the medium with 0.5 mg/L BAP and 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D, while regeneration was most effective on the medium with 1 mg/L BAP and 0.1 mg/L NAA. Conclusion. The stages of in vitro explant cultivation for various watermelon cultivars have been optimized, ensuring highly efficient introduction into culture, callus formation, and regeneration, thus creating a basis for subsequent biotechnological research.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Cucurbitaceae</kwd><kwd>каллусогенез</kwd><kwd>органогенез</kwd><kwd>арбуз</kwd><kwd>коллекция  ВИР</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Cucurbitaceae</kwd><kwd>callusogenesis</kwd><kwd>organogenesis</kwd><kwd>watermelon</kwd><kwd>VIR collection</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена в рамках темы НИР № 0481-2022-0007 «Выявление новых генетических маркеров селекционно значимых свойств и новых аллельных вариантов хозяйственно ценных генов в генофонде культурных растений и их диких родичей при помощи геномных и постгеномных технологий».</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The work was carried out within the framework of the Research Project No. 15H 0481-2022-0007 “Identifying new genetic markers of significant traits for breeding and new allelic versions of agronomically important genes in the genetic diversity of cultivated plants and their wild relatives using genomic and postgenomic technologies”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdollahi M.R, Najafi S, Sarikhani H, &amp; Мoosavi S.S. 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