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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biosel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Биотехнология и селекция растений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant Biotechnology and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-6266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6258</issn><publisher><publisher-name>VIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2658-6266-2026-1-o5</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biosel-309</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ РАСТЕНИЙ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ МЕТОДОВ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОЙ ГЕНЕТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STUDY OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES USING MOLECULAR GENETICS METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Комплексная оценка устойчивости сортов яровой мягкой пшеницы татарстанской селекции к бурой ржавчине с использованием молекулярно-генетических и полевых методов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comprehensive evaluation of brown rust resistance in Tatarstan spring bread wheat cultivars using molecular genetics and field methods</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1118-1471</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костенко</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostenko</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктория Викторовна Костенко, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, научно-исследовательская лаборатория «Геномика растений»; доцент, кафедра генетики, Институт фундаментальной медицины и биологии, КФУ</p><p>420008 Россия, Республика Татарстан, Казань, ул. Кремлевская, 18, корп. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victoria V. Kostenko, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher, Research Laboratory "Plant Genomics"; Associate Professor, Department of Genetics, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, KFU</p><p>18, Kremlevskaya Street, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vvkostenko1@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9109-7378</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранова</surname><given-names>Н. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranova</surname><given-names>N. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Борисовна Баранова, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, научно-исследовательская лаборатория «Геномика растений»; доцент, кафедра генетики, Институт фундаментальной медицины и биологии, КФУ</p><p>420008 Россия, Республика Татарстан, Казань, ул. Кремлевская, 18, корп. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia B. Baranova, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher, Research Laboratory "Plant Genomics"; Associate Professor, Department of Genetics, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, KFU</p><p>18, Kremlevskaya Street, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natalja-b@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2717-7178</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асхадуллин</surname><given-names>Д-р. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Askhadullin</surname><given-names>D-r. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дамир Фидусович Асхадуллин, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, лаборатория селекции яровой пшеницы, ТатНИИСХ ФИЦ КазНЦ РАН;  старший научный сотрудник, научно-исследовательская лаборатория «Геномика растений», КФУ</p><p>420059 Россия, Республика Татарстан, Казань, ул. Оренбургский тракт, 48;  420008 Россия, Республика Татарстан, Казань, ул. Кремлевская, 18, корп.1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Damir F. Askhadullin, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Senior Researcher, Research Laboratory "Plant Genomics", KFU; Leading Researcher, Spring Wheat Breeding Laboratory, TatRIA FRC KazSC RAS</p><p>18, Kremlevskaya Street, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008 Russia; 48, Orenburgskii tract Street, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420059 Russia</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">trulik@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2601-6735</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асхадуллин</surname><given-names>Д-л. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Askhadullin</surname><given-names>D-l. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Данил Фидусович Асхадуллин, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, лаборатория селекции яровой пшеницы, </p><p>420059 Россия, Республика Татарстан, Казань, ул. Оренбургский тракт, 48</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Danil F. Askhadullin, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Leading Researcher, Spring Wheat Breeding Laboratory, TatRIA FRC KazSC RAS</p><p>48, Orenburgskii tract Street, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420059 Russia</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatnii-rape@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1648-3938</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарева</surname><given-names>М. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomareva</surname><given-names>M. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мира Леонидовна Пономарева, доктор биологических наук, заведующая, научно-исследовательская лаборатория «Геномика растений», профессор, кафедра генетики, Институт фундаментальной медицины и биологии, КФУ; главный научный сотрудник, ТатНИИСХ ФИЦ КазНЦ РАН</p><p>420008 Россия, Республика Татарстан, Казань, ул. Кремлевская, 18, корп.1;  420059 Россия, Республика Татарстан, Казань, ул. Оренбургский тракт, 48</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mira L. Ponomareva, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor, Head, Research Laboratory "Plant Genomics", KFU; Chief Researcher, TatRIA FRC KazSC RAS</p><p>18, Kremlevskaya Street, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420008 Russia;  48, Orenburgskii tract Street, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, 420059 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">smponomarev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет; Казанский научный центр Российской академии наук, Татарский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства – обособленное структурное подразделение Казанского научного центра Российской академии наук</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University; Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture – Subdivision of the Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский научный центр Российской академии наук, Татарский научно-исследовательский институт сельского хозяйства – обособленное структурное подразделение Казанского научного центра Российской академии наук</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture – Subdivision of the Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>28</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Костенко В.В., Баранова Н.Б., Асхадуллин Д.Ф., Асхадуллин Д.Ф., Пономарева М.Л., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Костенко В.В., Баранова Н.Б., Асхадуллин Д.Ф., Асхадуллин Д.Ф., Пономарева М.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kostenko V.V., Baranova N.B., Askhadullin D.F., Askhadullin D.F., Ponomareva M.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/309">https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/309</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Бурая ржавчина Puccinia triticina Eriks. мягкой пшеницы является одной из наиболее вредоносных болезней в условиях умеренного климата Российской Федерации, вызывая значительные потери урожая и снижение качества зерна. В связи с этим актуальной задачей является оценка устойчивости сортов и разнообразия Lr генов у татарстанских сортов пшеницы. Наибольший интерес представляют гены Lr9, Lr19, Lr24, Lr26, Lr34, Lr37/Yr17/Sr38 и Lr46, обеспечивающие устойчивость на различных стадиях развития растений. Целью исследования являлась комплексная оценка устойчивости к бурой ржавчине сортов яровой мягкой пшеницы татарстанской селекции с использованием полевых и молекулярно-генетических методов. Материалы и методы. Устойчивость 15 сортов оценивали в полевых условиях в 2023-2025 годах на экспериментальной базе Татарского НИИСХ ФИЦ КазНЦ РАН по степени поражения флагового и предфлагового листьев. Идентификацию генов устойчивости проводили с использованием диагностических ДНК-маркеров, ассоциированных с шестью Lr-генами. Результаты и обсуждение. Наиболее устойчивыми в полевых условиях оказались сорта ‘Наставник’, ‘Хазинэ’ и ‘Чистопольская’, характеризующиеся наличием комбинаций Lr9+Lr24+Lr46, Lr19+Lr24 и Lr9+Lr24+Lr34 соответственно. Средний уровень устойчивости (индекс устойчивости 0,4-0,6) в эпифитотийный год имели сорта ‘Аль Варис’, ‘Балкыш’, ‘Буляк’ и ‘Сакара’. Показано, что высокая и долговременная устойчивость формируется за счёт сочетания расоспецифичных и возрастных генов. Полученные данные указывают на различия в информативности и специфичности молекулярных маркеров, использованных для оценки устойчивости сортов. Заключение. Проявление устойчивости в полевых условиях определяется генетическим фоном сорта, агроклиматическими условиями и расовым составом возбудителя. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы для целенаправленного отбора исходного материала и реализации стратегии пирамидирования генов устойчивости в селекционных программах яровой пшеницы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Brown rust of bread wheat caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks. is one of the most harmful diseases in the temperate climate of the Russian Federation, causing significant crop losses and reducing grain quality. In this regard, an urgent task is to assess the resistance of wheat cultivars and the diversity of Lr genes in Tatarstan. Of greatest interest are the genes Lr9, Lr19, Lr24, Lr26, Lr34, Lr37/Yr17/Sr38 and Lr46, which provide resistance at various stages of plant development. The aim of the study was to comprehensively assess the brown rust resistance in spring bread wheat cultivars bred in Tatarstan using field and molecular genetic methods. Materials and methods. The resistance of 15 cultivars of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was assessed in 2023-2025 by the degree of damage to the flag and pre-flag leaves in field conditions at the experiment base of the Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of the Kazan Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Resistance genes were identified using diagnostic DNA markers associated with six Lr genes. Results and discussion. The most resistant cultivars in field conditions were ‘Nastavnik’, ‘Khazine’ and ‘Chistopol’skaya’ characterized by the presence of combinations Lr9+Lr24+Lr46, Lr19+Lr24 and Lr9+Lr24+Lr34, respectively. The cultivars ‘Al’ Varis’, ‘Balkysh’, ‘Bulyak’ and ‘Sakara’ had an average level of resistance (resistance index 0.4-0.6) in the epiphytotic year. It has been shown that high and long-term resistance is formed due to a combination of race-specific and age-related genes. The data obtained indicate differences in the informativeness and specificity of molecular markers used to assess the resistance of cultivars. Conclusions. The manifestation of resistance in field conditions is determined by the genetic background of the cultivars, agroclimatic conditions and the race composition of the pathogen. The results of the study can be used for the targeted selection of source material and the implementation of a strategy for pyramiding resistance genes in spring wheat breeding programs.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>яровая мягкая пшеница</kwd><kwd>Triticum aestivum  &#13;
 L.</kwd><kwd>Puccinia triticina</kwd><kwd>Lr-гены</kwd><kwd>селекция на устойчивость</kwd><kwd>молекулярные маркеры</kwd><kwd>комбинации генов</kwd><kwd>Республика Татарстан</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spring bread wheat</kwd><kwd>Triticum aestivum L.</kwd><kwd>Puccinia triticina</kwd><kwd>Lr-genes</kwd><kwd>breeding for resistance</kwd><kwd>molecular markers</kwd><kwd>gene combinations</kwd><kwd>Republic of Tatarstan</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">работа выполнена за счет средств Программы стратегического академического лидерства Казанского (Приволжского) федерального университета «Приоритет-2030» тема № 125091510325-0 и в рамках государственного задания Минобрнауки России для ТатНИИСХ ФИЦ КазНЦ РАН тема № 125031003428-9.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the research was carried out using the funds of the Strategic Academic Leadership Program “Priority 2030” of the Kazan Federal University of the Government of the Russian Federation project No. 125091510325-0 and as part of the State Assignment of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia to the Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture, Federal Research Center of the Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences project No. 125031003428-9.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agarwal P., Jha S.K., Sharma N.K., Raghunanadan K., Mallick N., Niranjana M., Saharan M.S., Singh J.B., Vinod. 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