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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biosel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Биотехнология и селекция растений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant Biotechnology and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-6266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6258</issn><publisher><publisher-name>VIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2658-6266-2025-4-o13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biosel-317</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РАЗВИТИЕ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ МЕТОДОВ СЕЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN BREEDING METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Урожайность и качество силоса диплоидного сорта «Радуга» и тетраплоидного сорта «Тетрасил» в зависимости от способа их консервации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Yield and quality of silage of diploid variety "Raduga" and tetraploid variety "Tetrasil" depending on the method of their preservation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5713-2328</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хатефов</surname><given-names>Э. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khatefov</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эдуард Балилович Хатефов, доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник,  ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eduard B. Khatefov, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">haed1967@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5874-1931</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ерохина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Erokhina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Викторовна Ерохина, старший научный сотрудник, ФГБНУ РосНИИСК «Россорго»</p><p>410050 Россия, Саратов, 1-й Институтский проезд, 4, пос. Зональный</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Erokhina, Senior Researcher, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Russian Research</p><p>4, 1 Institutsky Proezd, Saratov, 410050 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eroha46@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6763-3724</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жук</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhuk</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Александровна Жук, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, ведущий специалист </p><p>107023 Россия, Москва, ул. Большая Семеновская, 40, строение 13</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina A. Zhuk, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Leading Specialist</p><p>40, Building 13, Bolshaya Semenovskaya Street, Moscow, 107023 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.a.zhuk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6829-1970</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitsev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Александрович Зайцев, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>,410530 Россия, Саратов, поселок Дубки, тер. Девон-Альянс, здание 6</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Zaitsev, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Chief Researcher</p><p>Building 6, Devon-Alliance Territory, Dubki Settlement, Saratov, 410530 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zea_mays@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3728-6968</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Керв</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kerv</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Андреевна Керв, кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia A. Kerv, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Researcher, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kerv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8870-121X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кибкало</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kibkalo</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Илья Анатольевич Кибкало, кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, старший научный сотрудник, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya A. Kibkalo, Cand. Sci. (Agriculture), Senior Researcher,  VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.kibkalo@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Российский научно-исследовательский и проектно-технологический институт сорго и кукурузы<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Russian Research, Design and Technology Institute of Sorghum and Corn<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ООО «Агро Эксперт Групп»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Agro Expert Group, LLC<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">ООО «Русид»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">RUSID, LLC<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>68</fpage><lpage>79</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хатефов Э.Б., Ерохина А.В., Жук Е.А., Зайцев С.А., Керв Ю.А., Кибкало И.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хатефов Э.Б., Ерохина А.В., Жук Е.А., Зайцев С.А., Керв Ю.А., Кибкало И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khatefov E.B., Erokhina A.V., Zhuk E.A., Zaitsev S.A., Kerv Y.A., Kibkalo I.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/317">https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/317</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. В мировой практике гибридной селекции кукурузы используются только сорта и гибриды с диплоидным (2n) геномом. Впервые проведены исследования урожайности листостебельной массы и качества силоса тетраплоидной (4n) кукурузы в сравнении с диплоидной кукурузой. Материалы и методы. Для анализа использовали силосы из листостебельной массы диплоидного сорта кукурузы ‘Радуга’ и тетраплоидного сорта ‘Тетрасил’ восковой спелости с применением консервантов AiBi® Lb 15.10 F и BIO-SIL. В качестве контроля использовали силос диплоидной и тетраплоидной кукурузы без внесения консервантов. Качество силоса определяли на 14-е, 30-е и 60-е сутки в трехкратной повторности. Фенотипирование образцов диплоидной и тетраплоидной кукурузы проводили в России в агроклиматических условиях г. Саратова (51°32′ с.ш.) и г. Прохладный (43°45′ с.ш.) в 2022-2023 годах. Результаты. Растения тетраплоидной кукурузы достоверно отличаются от диплоидной по урожайности листостебельной массы с початками в 2,4 раза, по содержанию сухого вещества в 2 раза, повышенным содержанием белка в зерне. Силос диплоидной кукурузы на 60-е сутки силосования уступает силосу тетраплоидной кукурузы по содержанию безазотистых экстрактивных веществ (БЭВ) и кислотности, но имеет преимущество по содержанию протеина, жира, золы и клетчатки. Использованные биоконсерванты AiBi 15.10 F и BIO-SIL значительно изменяют качественные показатели на 30-е и 60-е сутки консервации по всем компонентам в силосах диплоидной и тетраплоидной кукурузы. Сорт ‘Тетрасил’ не вызревает на зерно в условиях северной зоны, что ограничивает его использование в этой зоне только для получения силоса. Обсуждение. Возможно, что эти различия между двумя сортами обусловлены более поздней группой спелости, либо высоким содержанием амилопектинового крахмала в зерне сорта ‘Тетрасил’ в сравнении с сортом ‘Радуга’, который лучше приспособлен к агроклиматическим условиям Саратовской области и содержит меньше амилопектина, чем сорт ‘Тетрасил’. Заключение. Сорт ‘Тетрасил’ имеет преимущества перед сортом ‘Радуга’ по урожайности зеленой массы при возделывании в агроклиматических условиях Саратовской области и некоторым качественным показателям силоса с использованием консервантов и без них. Силос, получаемый из тетраплоидной кукурузы, характеризуется высоким качеством и не уступает по этому показателю силосу из диплоидной кукурузы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. In global hybrid corn breeding, only cultivars and hybrids with a diploid (2n) genome are used. The present research for the first time compared the yield of leaf and stem mass and silage quality of tetraploid (4n) corn with those of diploid corn. Materials and Methods. Silages from the leaf-stem mass of the diploid corn cultivar ‘Raduga’ and tetraploid cultivar ‘Tetrasil’ of waxy maturity, treated with AiBi® Lb 15.10 F and BIO-SIL preservatives, have been analyzed. Silage from diploid and tetraploid corn without preservatives served as a control. Silage quality was determined on days 14, 30, and 60 in triplicate. Phenotyping of diploid and tetraploid corn accessions was conducted under agroclimatic conditions of Saratov city at 51°32′ N and Prokhladny town at 43°45′ N in Russia in 2022/2023. Results. Tetraploid corn plants significantly differ from those of diploid corn in leaf and stem yield (2.4 times higher), dry matter content (2 times), and grain protein content. After 60 days of ensiling, silage from diploid corn is inferior to that from tetraploid corn in terms of Nitrogen-free extractives (NFES) content and acidity (pH), but has superior protein, fat, ash, and fiber content. The biopreservatives AiBi 15.10 F and BIO-SIL used in the experimental variants significantly improved the quality indicators after 30 and 60 days of ensiling for all components in diploid and tetraploid corn silages. Cv. ‘Tetrasil’ does not yield mature grain in northern climates, therefore its use in this zone is limited to silage production. Discussion. It is possible that these differences between the two cultivars are due to a later maturity group or a higher amylopectin starch content in the grain of cv. ‘Tetrasil’ cultivar compared to that of cv. ‘Raduga’, which is better adapted to the agroclimatic conditions of the Saratov Region and contains less amylopectin than ‘Tetrasil’. Conclusions. Cv. ‘Tetrasil’ has advantages over cv. ‘Raduga’ in terms of green mass yield when grown in the agroclimatic conditions of the Saratov Region, and in some quality indicators of silage with and without the use of preservatives. Tetraploid corn produces high-quality silage similar in quality to that produced from diploid corn.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кукуруза</kwd><kwd>тетраплоид</kwd><kwd>диплоид</kwd><kwd>качество силоса</kwd><kwd>консерванты AIBI® LB 15.10 F и BIO-SIL</kwd><kwd>урожай зерна</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>corn</kwd><kwd>tetraploid</kwd><kwd>diploid</kwd><kwd>silage quality</kwd><kwd>preservatives AiBi® Lb 15.10 F and BIO-SIL</kwd><kwd>grain yield</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Госзадания № FGEM-2023-0003 «Создание при помощи методов биотехнологии новых селекционных форм кукурузы».</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This research was financially supported by the State Assignments No. FGEM-2023-0003 “Developing new breeding forms of maize with biotechnology methods” for the period 2023-2025.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahloowalia B.S. 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