bioselБиотехнология и селекция растенийPlant Biotechnology and Breeding2658-62662658-6258VIR10.30901/2658-6266-2026-3-o4biosel-338Research ArticleРАЗВИТИЕ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ МЕТОДОВ СЕЛЕКЦИИDEVELOPMENT OF MODERN BREEDING METHODSГенетические ресурсы земляники садовой Fragaria × ananassa для селекции на качество и устойчивость: мировые коллекции и Российский генофондGenetic resources of garden strawberry Fragaria × ananassa as a basis for breeding for quality and resistance: world collections and the Russian gene poolhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-1429-0865ПанковИ. А.PankovI. A.

Игорь Андреевич Панков, аспирант, кафедра экологии и биоресурсов

143907, Московская область, Балашиха, Шоссе Энтузиастов, 50

Igor A. Pankov, Postgraduate Student, Department of Ecology and Bioresources,  Vernadsky University

50, Shosse Entuziastov, Balashikha, Moscow Region, 143907 Russia

pan82@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9930-4463БухароваА. Р.BukharovaA. R.

Альмира Рахметовна Бухарова, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор, кафедра экологии и биоресурсов

143907, Московская область, Балашиха, Шоссе Энтузиастов, 50

Almira R. Bukharova, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Department of Ecology and Bioresources, Vernadsky University

50, Shosse Entuziastov, Balashikha, Moscow Region, 143907 Russia

b.mira2025@mail.ruРоссийский государственный университет народного хозяйства имени В.И. ВернадскогоРоссияVernadsky Russian State University of National EconomyRussian Federation1210202600Принято в печать338Copyright © Панков И.А., Бухарова А.Р., 19701970Панков И.А., Бухарова А.Р.Pankov I.A., Bukharova A.R.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/338

В обзоре обобщены и систематизированы современные данные о мировых и российских генетических ресурсах земляники садовой Fragaria × ananassa, а также о молекулярно-генетических инструментах, применяемых в селекции на качество и устойчивость. Охарактеризована крупнейшая мировая коллекция USDA-ARS, Корваллис: 2006 образцов рода Fragaria, включая 603 сорта и гибрида F. × ananassa, а также коллекции Канады, Германии, Швейцарии, Италии, Японии, Франции. Впервые в отечественном обзоре детально представлены генетические ресурсы Италии: коллекции CREA, университета Болоньи: сорта ‘Asia’, ‘Alba’, ‘Clery’, ‘Irma’, и Японии, NARO: программы крупноплодности и высокой сахаристости. Российские коллекции поддерживают в совокупности около 1000 сортообразцов земляники, включая все дикие виды РФ и полный полиплоидный ряд. Рассмотрены молекулярные маркеры к генам качества плодов (FaOMT, FaFAD1, FaMYB10), генам устойчивости к болезням (Rpf1, Rca2), а также к локусу 08 To-f. Приведены данные о шестикратной вариабельности содержания аллергена Fra a 1 и об отсутствии корреляции с окраской плода. Проанализированы международные селекционные достижения стран: Китай, Италия, Япония, США. Сделан вывод о необходимости молекулярно-генетической паспортизации и создания единой открытой базы данных российских коллекций.

The review summarizes and systematizes current data on global and Russian genetic resources of garden strawberry Fragaria × ananassa, as well as molecular genetic tools used in breeding for quality and resistance. The world’s largest collection at USDA-ARS (Corvallis), comprising 2006 accessions of the genus Fragaria, including 603 cultivars and hybrids of F. × ananassa, is characterized. Collections from Canada, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Japan, and France are also described. For the first time a Russian review presents in detail the genetic resources of Italy: CREA collections, University of Bologna, cultivars ‘Asia’, ‘Alba’, ‘Clery’, ‘Irma’, and Japan, NARO: breeding programs for large fruit size and high sugar content. Russian collections maintain in total about 1000 accessions, including all wild species native to Russia and the entire polyploid series. Molecular markers linked to fruit quality genes (FaOMT, FaFAD1, FaMYB10), disease resistance genes (Rpf1, Rca2), and the locus 08 To-f are reviewed. Data on the six-fold variability of the major allergen Fra a 1 content and the absence of correlation with fruit color are presented. International breeding achievements of China, Italy, Japan, and USA are analyzed. A conclusion has been drawn regarding the need for molecular-genetic passportization and creation of a unified, open database of Russian collections.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.