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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biosel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Биотехнология и селекция растений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant Biotechnology and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-6266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6258</issn><publisher><publisher-name>VIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2658-6266-2026-3-o6</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biosel-341</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ БИОТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETIC BASIS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современное состояние и перспективы генной инженерии эвкалипта  Eucalyptus  spp. в контексте промышленного лесного хозяйства</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genetic engineering of Eucalyptus  spp.: current status and prospects for industrial forestry</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9124-4356</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Битюкова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bityukova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Вячеславовна Битюкова, магистрант</p><p>199034 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7/9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Bityukova, Master’s student</p><p>7/9, Universitetskaya Embankment, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">79292693255o@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8569-6665</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвеева</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matveeva</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Матвеева Татьяна Валерьевна, доктор биологических наук, профессор кафедры генетики</p><p>199034 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7/9; 196608 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, Пушкин, шоссе Подбельского, 3, t.v.matveeva@spbu.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana V. Matveeva, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology</p><p>7/9, Universitetskaya Embankment, St. Petersburg; 199034 Russia; 3, Podbelskogo Highway, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, 196608 Russia, t.v.matveeva@spbu.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">radishlet@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6125-0757</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лутова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lutova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Людмила Алексеевна Лутова, доктор биологических наук, профессор, кафедра генетики и биотехнологии, биологический факультет</p><p>199034 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7/9, Россия, la.lutova@gmail.com </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ludmila A. Lutova, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, </p><p>7/9, Universitetskaya Embankment, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">l.lutova@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет; Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт защиты растений</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State University;  All Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Принято в печать</issue-title><elocation-id>341</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Битюкова О.В., Матвеева Т.В., Лутова Л.А., 1970</copyright-statement><copyright-year>1970</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Битюкова О.В., Матвеева Т.В., Лутова Л.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bityukova O.V., Matveeva T.V., Lutova L.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/341">https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/341</self-uri><abstract><p>Эвкалипт Eucalyptus L’Hér. spp. является одной из наиболее важных плантационных древесных культур в мире. Настоящая работа представляет собой обзор современных биотехнологических подходов к его улучшению. Ключевые преимущества эвкалипта включают высокую продуктивность, быстрый рост и широкое хозяйственное применение – от производства целлюлозы и пиломатериалов до получения эфирных масел и секвестрации углерода, а также способность адаптироваться к разнообразным почвенно-климатическим условиям и интенсивно накапливать биомассу. Однако традиционная селекция древесных пород ограничена длительными циклами размножения, высокой гетерозиготностью и сложностью прогнозирования хозяйственно ценных признаков, что делает молекулярно-генетические подходы стратегически важным инструментом ускоренной селекции эвкалипта. Коммерческое внедрение генетически модифицированного эвкалипта наиболее активно развивается в Бразилии – на сегодняшний день это единственная страна, где такие линии разрешены для промышленного выращивания. Созданы растения с повышенной продуктивностью древесины (H421), растения с устойчивостью к гербициду глифосату благодаря введению гена cp4 epsps, а также линии, экспрессирующие гены инсектицидных Bt-белков, нарушающих функционирование кишечного эпителия насекомых и тем самым обеспечивающие защиту от чешуекрылых вредителей. Использование таких генетических модификаций повышает стабильность плантаций, снижает потери биомассы и способствует увеличению экономической эффективности лесного производства. Дополнительные возможности открывают методы молекулярной селекции, микроклонального размножения и редактирования генома с применением технологий CRISPR/Cas, обеспечивающие более точечное изменение генетического материала. В обзоре также рассматриваются перспективы использования «метаболической инженерии» для повышения фармакологической ценности эфирных масел. Развитие этих подходов требует совершенствования протоколов трансформации и регенерации эвкалипта, а также комплексной оценки экологических рисков и нормативно-правовых аспектов использования генетически модифицированных деревьев. Совокупность биотехнологических методов формирует основу для создания высокопродуктивных, устойчивых и адаптированных форм эвкалипта, отвечающих современным требованиям устойчивого лесного хозяйства и рационального природопользования. Таким образом, генная инженерия представляет собой стратегический инструмент для создания следующего поколения высокопродуктивных и устойчивых эвкалиптовых плантаций, однако ее развитие требует сбалансированного подхода, учитывающего научные, экологические, юридические и общественные аспекты.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Eucalyptus L’Hér. spp. is one of the most important plantation tree crops worldwide. The present study reviews contemporary biotechnological approaches to its improvement. Key advantages of eucalyptus include high productivity, rapid growth, broad economic applications – ranging from pulp and timber production to essential oil extraction and carbon sequestration, as well as its ability to adapt to diverse soil and climatic conditions and accumulate biomass intensively. However, conventional tree breeding is constrained by long reproductive cycles, high heterozygosity, and the difficulty of predicting economically valuable traits. This makes molecular genetic approaches a strategically important tool for accelerating crop improvement. The commercial adoption of genetically modified eucalyptus is advancing most rapidly in Brazil, the only country where such lines are permitted for industrial cultivation. Among the developed varieties, H421 is distinguished by its increased wood productivity. Other lines are resistant to the herbicide glyphosate due to the cp4 epsps gene; and/or express genes of insecticidal Bt proteins that disrupt the functioning of the insect intestinal epithelium, providing protection against lepidopteran pests. These genetic modifications enhance plantation stability, reduce biomass loss, and contribute to the economic efficiency of forest production. Additional opportunities arise from molecular marker assisted selection, micropropagation, and genome editing using CRISPR/Cas technologies, which enable more targeted modifications of genetic material. This review also explores the potential of metabolic engineering to enhance the medicinal properties of essential oils. Developing these approaches necessitates improved protocols for the transformation and regeneration of eucalyptus, alongside a thorough assessment of environmental risks and regulatory aspects associated with genetically modified trees. A combination of biotechnological methods underpins the development of highly productive, resilient, and well-adapted eucalyptus varieties that align with modern requirements for sustainable forestry and environmental management. Consequently, genetic engineering represents a strategic tool for developing the next generation of high-yielding and stress-resistant eucalyptus plantations. However, its advancement requires a balanced approach that considers scientific, environmental, legal and societal factors.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трансгенные растения</kwd><kwd>генетически модифицированные деревья</kwd><kwd>лесное хозяйство</kwd><kwd>продуктивность древесины</kwd><kwd>экологические риски</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>plant genetic engineering</kwd><kwd>transgenic plants</kwd><kwd>genetically modified trees</kwd><kwd>forestry</kwd><kwd>wood productivity</kwd><kwd>environmental risks</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">обзор подготовлен по материалам курса «Генная инженерия сельскохозяйственных растений» программы подготовки магистров «Молекулярно-генетические основы агробиотехнологии», в рамках государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (тема № 126011615714-3).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">this review has been prepared using materials from the course “Genetic Engineering of Agricultural Plants” of the Master's program “Molecular Genetic Foundations of Agrobiotechnology”, within the framework of the State Assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Theme No. 126011615714-3.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alcantara G.B., Bespalhok J.C.F., Quoirin M. 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