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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biosel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Биотехнология и селекция растений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant Biotechnology and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-6266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6258</issn><publisher><publisher-name>VIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/10.30901/2658-6266-2026-3-o8</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biosel-348</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ РАСТЕНИЙ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ МЕТОДОВ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНОЙ ГЕНЕТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STUDY OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES USING MOLECULAR GENETICS METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Характеристика полиморфизма в новых SSR-локусах, ассоциированных с признаком скрещиваемости пшеницы с рожью, контролируемым генами  SK r и  Kr1</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Characterization of polymorphism in new SSR loci associated with the wheat-rye crossability trait controlled by the  SK r and  Kr1  genes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5841-8803</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поротников</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Porotnikov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Поротников Игорь Вадимович, научный сотрудник, лаборатория молекулярной селекции и ДНК-паспортизации, отдел биотехнологии, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor V. Porotnikov, Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Breeding and DNA Passportization, Department of Biotechnology, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.v.porotnikov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8334-8069</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонова</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonova</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антонова Ольга Юрьевна, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующая, лаборатория молекулярной селекции и ДНК-паспортизации, отдел биотехнологии, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga Yu. Antonova, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, Head, Laboratory of Molecular Breeding and DNA Passportization, Department of Biotechnology, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olgaant326@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9171-2964</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Митрофанова</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mitrofanova</surname><given-names>O. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Митрофанова Ольга Павловна, доктор биологических наук, главный научный сотрудник, отдел генетических ресурсов пшеницы, ВИР</p><p>190000 Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga P. Mitrofanova, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Chief Researcher, Department of Wheat Genetic Resources, VIR</p><p>42, 44, Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.mitrofanova@vir.nw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н.И. Вавилова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>0</issue><issue-title>Принято в печать</issue-title><elocation-id>348</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Поротников И.В., Антонова О.Ю., Митрофанова О.П., 1970</copyright-statement><copyright-year>1970</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Поротников И.В., Антонова О.Ю., Митрофанова О.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Porotnikov I.V., Antonova O.Y., Mitrofanova O.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/348">https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/348</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Поиск с помощью ДНК-маркеров генотипов с аллелями генов, определяющих высокую скрещиваемость мягкой пшеницы (МП) с рожью, а также их контролируемая передача в другие генотипы остаются пока нерешенными проблемами. Задачи данного исследования: 1) идентификация in silico новых SSR-локусов с мотивами в 3-4 пн, расположенных в участках локализации генов SKr и Kr1, контролирующих скрещиваемость МП с рожью, разработка и апробация специфичных праймеров для амплификации последовательностей в этих локусах; 2) характеристика вариабельности фрагментов ДНК в SSR-локусах в выборке из образцов гексаплоидной пшеницы; 3) определение диагностической эффективности аллелей SSR-локусов в выявлении генотипов МП с высокой/низкой скрещиваемостью с рожью, а также уточнение характера полиморфизма участков ДНК, ассоциированных с генами SKr и Kr1. Материалы и методы. Основой для исследования послужил референсный геном МП сорта ‘Chinese Spring’. Поиск SSR-локусов проводили in silico. Апробацию разработанных или взятых из литературы праймеров для выявления полиморфизма в SSR-локусах осуществляли с использованием тестовой выборки из 16 образцов МП разного географического происхождения. Для генотипирования выборки суммарно использовали 16 пар праймеров. Характеристика SSR-локусов дана на основе анализа 69 линий МП и девяти линий синтетической гексаплоидной пшеницы, из которых 51 была с высокой (25-100%) и 27 с низкой (0-9%) скрещиваемостью с рожью. Результаты. Разработаны специфичные праймеры для амплификации последовательностей 14 SSR-локусов с мотивами в 3-4 пн, находящихся в участках генома CS, в которых локализованы гены SKr и Kr1. Полиморфными оказались два локуса, ассоциированные с геном SKr, и четыре – с Kr1. Диагностической эффективностью в идентификации генотипов МП с высокой/низкой скрещиваемостью с рожью обладали аллели SSR-локуса Xvir1 (Ef=82,3%) – маркера гена SKr, а также SSR-локусов Xvir9 (Ef=66,7%) и Xvir10 (Ef=72,5%), ассоциированных с геном Kr1. Совместное использование аллелей локусов позволило точнее описать полиморфизм участков локализации генов SKr и Kr1, а также дифференцировать линии МП с учетом их географического происхождения и скрещиваемости с рожью. Заключение. Выявленные in silico новые полиморфные SSR-локусы с повторяющимися мотивами в 3-4 пнучастках локализации генов SKr и Kr1, могут быть ценным инструментом для дальнейшего позиционного клонирования этих генов. Их можно также использовать при подборе пар для скрещиваний и в контроле передачи аллелей, сопряженных с «высокой скрещиваемостью с рожью» в другие генотипы мягкой пшеницы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. The DNA-marker assisted identification of bread wheat (BW) genotypes carrying alleles for high crossability with rye, along with the controlled transfer of these alleles into new genetic backgrounds remains a significant challenge. The objectives of the present study were: (1) to identify in silico new SSR loci with 3-4 bp motifs within the SKr and Kr1 genomic regions; to develop and test specific primers for amplifying sequences at these loci; (2) to characterize variability of DNA fragments in SSR loci using samples of hexaploid wheat accessions; and (3) to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of alleles of SSR loci for identifying BW genotypes with high/low crossability with rye, as well as to clarify the nature of DNA polymorphism in the SKr and Kr1 regions. Materials and Methods. The reference genome of the BW cv. ‘Chinese Spring’ served as the basis for the study. SSR loci were identified in silico. The primers developed or taken from the literature for detecting polymorphic SSR loci were tested on a panel of 16 BW accessions of different geographic origin. A total of 16 primer pairs were used for genotyping. SSR loci were characterized based on the analysis of 69 BW lines and nine synthetic hexaploid wheat lines, of which 51 had high (25-100%) and 27 had low (0-9%) crossability with rye. Results. Specific primers were developed for amplifying sequences of 14 SSR loci with 3-4 bp motifs within the CS genomic regions containing the SKr and Kr1 genes. Among these, two SSR loci associated with SKr and four associated with Kr1 were polymorphic. The alleles of the SSR locus Xvir1 (Ef=82.3%) of the SKr gene, as well as SSR loci Xvir9 (Ef=66.7%) and Xvir10 (Ef=72.5%) associated with the Kr1 gene, demonstrated diagnostic efficiency in identifying BW genotypes with high/low crossability with rye. The combined use of these alleles of SSR loci allowed for a more precise description of polymorphism in the SKr and Kr1 regions and differentiation of BW lines based on their geographic origin and crossability with rye. Conclusion. The new polymorphic SSR loci with repeating 3-4 bp motifs, identified in silico within the SKr and Kr1 genomic regions, represent a valuable tool for the positional cloning of these genes. Furthermore, they can be used in selecting parental pairs for crossing and in monitoring the transfer of «high crossability with rye» alleles to other BW genotypes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Triticum aestivum  L.</kwd><kwd>SSR-маркеры</kwd><kwd>диагностическая эффективность</kwd><kwd>анализ  in silico</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Triticum aestivum L.</kwd><kwd>SSR-markers</kwd><kwd>diagnostic efficiency</kwd><kwd>analysis in silico</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Государственного задания согласно тематическому плану ВИР по теме № FGEM-2022-0008: «Использование комплекса современных методов ДНК-генотипирования и молекулярного скрининга для изучения генетических ресурсов культурных растений, их диких сородичей и форм собственной селекции»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was performed within the framework of the State Assignment according to the Theme Plan of VIR, on the topic No. FGEM-2022-0008: “The use of a complex of modern methods of DNA-genotyping and molecular screening to study the genetic resources of cultivated plants, their wild relatives and forms of own breeding”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеев Я.И., Белов Ю.В., Малюченко О.П., Монахова Ю.А., Натыров А.Н., Орехов В.А., Коновалов С.В., Курочкин В.Е., Петров А.И. 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