bioselБиотехнология и селекция растенийPlant Biotechnology and Breeding2658-62662658-6258VIR10.30901/2658-6266-2020-1-o6biosel-75Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEW ARTICLESМетоды редактирования генома для увеличения лёжкости плодов томатаMethods of genome editing for increasing the shelf life of tomato fruithttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5484-1073КузьминаЮ. В.KuzminaY. V.

199034, г. Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., д. 7-9-11

7-9-11, Universitetskaya Emb., St. Petersburg 199034

yulia_kuzmina97@mail.ruСанкт-Петербургский Государственный УниверситетРоссияSaint Petersburg State UniversityRussian Federation202010082020313139Copyright © Кузьмина Ю.В., 20202020Кузьмина Ю.В.Kuzmina Y.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/75

На сегодняшний день методы редактирования генома широко используются во многих научных исследованиях, направленных на изучение фундаментальных биологических процессов, в частности, для регулирования созревания и продления сроков хранения растительной сельскохозяйственной продукции. В данном обзоре кратко рассмотрены методы редактирования генома растений и примеры их успешного применения для увеличения лёжкости плодов томата, как одной из важнейших сельскохозяйственных культур. Редактирование генома знаменует собой одну из новых областей генной инженерии, которая имеет поистине революционное значение для биотехнологии. На протяжении последних десятилетий были разработаны различные системы редактирования генома: нуклеазы цинковых пальцев (ZFN), эффекторные нуклеазы, подобные активатору транскрипции (TALEN), и кластеризованные регулярно расположенные короткие палиндромные повторы, узнаваемые нуклеазой Cas9 (CRISPR/ Cas9). Наиболее широко распространенным и используемым методом является система CRISPR/Cas9, которая характеризуется многими преимуществами по сравнению с другими существующими системами редактирования генома.

Genome editing methods are now widely used in research aimed at studying fundamental biological processes, in particular for regulating maturation and extending shelf life of plant agricultural products. This review briefly discusses plant genome editing methods and examples of their successful application for increasing the storage life of fruits of tomato as one of the most important crops. Genome editing is one of the new areas of genetic engineering that is truly revolutionary in biotechnology. Various genome editing systems have been developed over the past decades: zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly located short palindromic repeats recognized by Cas9 nuclease (CRISPR/Cas9). The most common and widely used is the CRISPR/ Cas9 system, which has many advantages over other existing genome editing systems.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.