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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">biosel</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Биотехнология и селекция растений</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant Biotechnology and Breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-6266</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-6258</issn><publisher><publisher-name>VIR</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.30901/2658-6266-2020-2-o3</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">biosel-89</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Перспективы использования гаплоиндукторов в селекции кукурузы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The prospects for using haploinducers in maize breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асадова</surname><given-names>Г. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Asadova</surname><given-names>G. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>190000 г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ульянов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ulyanov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>190000 г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карлов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karlov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>410012 г. Саратов, ул. Астраханская, 83</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>83 Astrakhanskaya Street, Saratov 410012</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5713-2328</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хатефов</surname><given-names>Э. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khatefov</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>190000 г. Санкт-Петербург, ул. Б. Морская, 42, 44</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>42, 44 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, St. Petersburg 190000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">haed1967@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений имени Н. И. Вавилова (ВИР)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Саратовский национальный исследовательский государственный университет имени Н. Г. Чернышевского</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research N. G. Chernyshevsky Saratov State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Асадова Г.М., Ульянов А.В., Карлов А.В., Хатефов Э.Б., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Асадова Г.М., Ульянов А.В., Карлов А.В., Хатефов Э.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Asadova G.M., Ulyanov A.V., Karlov A.V., Khatefov E.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/89">https://biosel.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/89</self-uri><abstract><p>Обнаружение спонтанно образовавшихся гаплоидных растениий и разработка способов получения их в культуре in vitro определили новое направление, важное для селекции и для теоретических исследований в области репродуктивной биологии. Частота спонтанной гаплоидии в посевах культурных растений крайне низка и составляет не более 0,01-0,1%, поэтому поиск источников и доноров, способных к стимулированию гаплоидии в гибридных комбинациях, весьма актуален. Расширение поиска новых доноров признака гаплоиндукции, создание новых, более эффективных гаплоиндукторов способствует накоплению генетических источников, характеризующихся высоким ресурсным потенциалом для селекционно-генетических исследований. Причины, способствующие стимулированию гаплоидии, еще недостаточно изучены. Есть сведения, что за этот процесс ответственны гены, локализованные в qhir1, qhir11, qhir12 районах хромосомы 1 кукурузы. Использование генов, стимулирующих гаплоиндукцию кукурузы в сочетании с маркерным геном антоциановой окраски зерновки и зародыша R1-nj, а также антоциановой окраски растения А1 и В1, позволило создать линии-гаплоиндукторы с частотой стимулирования гаплоидов до 15%. Фенотипическое проявление доминантных аллелей генов маркерной антоциановой окраски на различных частях гибридного растения, а также на зерновке и зародыше способствует качественному отбору гаплоидных зерновок на початке за счет проявления рецессивных аллелей этих генов на гаплоидном уровне. Наличие в кремнистой кукурузе генов подавителей синтеза антоцианов (C1- I, C2-Idf, In1-D) ограничивает использование гена R1-nj на других представителях подвида кремнистой кукурузы. Для преодоления данной проблемы ведутся исследования по созданию гаплоиндукторов, у которых маркерным признаком служит содержание масла в зерне или отсутствие лигулы на листьях. Использование матроклинного и андроклинного типов гаплоиндукции позволяет селекционерам получать в высокой степени гомозиготные дигаплоидные линии кукурузы как с материнским, так и с отцовским геномом. Благодаря этим достижениям стало возможным сокращение материальных и временных затрат на создание инбредных линий и их стерильных аналогов в 5 и более раз, ускорилась селекционная работа по созданию новых гибридов кукурузы, значительно улучшилось качество семеноводческой продукции, ее типичность и однородность. Приведенные в статье материалы помогут селекционерам и генетикам лучше ориентироваться в инновационных направлениях и проблемах селекции гибридной кукурузы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The discovery of spontaneous haploid plants and the development of ways to produce them in in vitro culture have set a new direction important for breeding and for theoretical research in reproductive biology. The frequency of spontaneous haploidy in cultivated plants is extremely low and does not exceed 0.01-0.1%, therefore, the search for sources and donors capable of stimulating haploidy in hybrid combinations is of current interest. Expansion of the search for new sources and donors of the haploinduction trait, the creation of new, more effective haploinducers contribute to the accumulation of scientific information and genetic sources, characterized by a high resource potential for selection and genetic research. The causеs of haploidy are not well understood yet. According to the available information, the genes localized in the qhir1, qhir11, qhir12 regions of chromosome 1 in maize are responsible for this process. The use of genes that stimulate haploinduction in maize in combination with the marker gene R1-nj responsible for anthocyanin coloration of the caryopsis and embryo, as well as genes A1 and B1, which are in control of the entire plant coloration, allowed the creation of haploinducer lines with a frequency of haploid stimulation up to 15%. Phenotypic expression of dominant alleles of the marker anthocyanin coloration genes in different parts of a hybrid plant, as well as in the caryopsis and embryo, contributes to the high-quality selection of haploid kernels in the cob due to the manifestation of recessive alleles of these genes at the haploid level. The presence of anthocyanin synthesis suppressor genes in siliceous maize (C1-I, C2-Idf, In1-D) restricts the use of the R1-nj gene in other representatives of siliceous maize. In order to overcome this problem, studies are underway to create other genotypes of haploinducers, which are not associated with the anthocyanin coloration of the caryopsis, but instead have other marker traits, such as the oil content in the kernel, the absence of ligules in the leaves, and root coloration in seedlings. The use of matroclinous and androclinous types of haploinduction allows breeders to obtain highly homozygous dihaploid maize lines, with both the maternal and paternal genomes. These achievements made it possible to cut five or more times the material and time inputs into the creation of inbred lines and their sterile analogs, accelerate the breeding of new maize hybrids, and signifi cantly improve the quality of seed production in terms of typicality and uniformity. The materials presented in the article should help breeders and geneticists to learn more about the innovative directions and problems of hybrid maize breeding.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гаплоиндукторы кукурузы</kwd><kwd>дигаплоидные линии</kwd><kwd>гомозиготность</kwd><kwd>колхицинирование</kwd><kwd>гибридная селекция</kwd><kwd>частота гаплоидии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>maize haploinducers</kwd><kwd>dihaploid lines</kwd><kwd>homozygosity</kwd><kwd>colchicination</kwd><kwd>hybrid selection</kwd><kwd>haploidy frequency</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ВИР согласно тематическому плану ВИР по проекту № 0662-2019-0006 «Поиск, поддержание жизнеспособности и раскрытие потенциала наследственной изменчивости мировой коллекции зерновых и крупяных культур ВИР для развития оптимизированного генбанка и рационального использования в селекции и растениеводстве».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The present work was performed within the framework of the State Assignment to VIR, in accordance with the Thematic Plan, Project No. 0662-2019-0006 ''Search, maintenance of viability and revealing of the hereditary variability potential in the VIR global collection of cereal and groat crops for the development of an optimized genebank and for rational use in breeding and crop production.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Астауров Б.Л. 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