Регуляция биосинтеза флавоноидов у представителей трибы фасолиевые Phaseoleae DC

Флавоноиды играют важную роль в метаболизме растений. Многие из них проявляют антиоксидантную активность и являются пигментами, окрашивающими ткани растений в разнообразные цвета. Продукты питания, богатые флавоноидными соединениями, рассматривают в качестве функциональных компонентов здорового рациона. В настоящее время отмечается повышенный интерес к изучению генетических механизмов, лежащих в основе появления признаков окраски у растений. Пути биосинтеза флавоноидов находятся под контролем двух групп генов. Структурные гены кодируют ферменты биосинтеза, а регуляторные гены ‒ транскрипционные факторы, контролирующие экспрессию структурных генов. Транскрипционные факторы, относящиеся к семействам R2R3-Myb, bHLH-Myc и WDR, образуют комплекс MBW, который вовлечен в регуляцию экспрессии структурных генов биосинтеза флавоноидов. Механизмы регуляции биосинтеза антоцианов и проантоцианидинов комплексом MBW подробно описаны у модельного растительного объекта Arabidopsis thaliana L. В настоящем обзоре обобщены данные о регуляции биосинтеза фенольных пигментов и об особенностях их накопления в растительных тканях у основных представителей трибы Phaseoleae DC: сои Glycine max (L.) Merr., фасоли обыкновенной Phaseolus vulgaris L., адзуки Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi и коровьего гороха V. unguiculata (L.) Walp. Обсуждаемые в данном обзоре виды являются наиболее важными бобовыми культурами во многих странах мира, играя ключевую роль в рационе питания миллионов людей. Идентификация и характеристика генов, контролирующих пути биосинтеза флавоноидов, являются необходимым условием для успешной селекции современных сортов с повышенной диетической ценностью. Выявление закономерностей накопления флавоноидов необходимо для решения проблемы расширения разнообразия растительной продукции.

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