Induction of embryogenesis in Brassica rapa L. isolated microspore culture

The creation of F₁ hybrids combining high productivity, valuable biochemical composition and resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors is an urgent area of work with Brassicaceae Burnett.

To create a homogeneous, genetically stable source material in breeding, in vitro cell technologies are used to increase the number of doubled haploids used as source material for creating new cultivars and hybrids.

Brassica rapa L. includes annual and biennial crops. Using traditional breeding methods, it takes at least 8-10 years to produce selectively valuable F₁ hybrids of B. rapa. With the help of modern technology for producing doubled haploids in the isolated microspore culture, this process can be shortened to 2-3 years.

B. rapa is one of the Brassica crops least suitable for microspore in vitro cultivation; most of the studied accessions are self-incompatible and retain a high degree of heterozygosity and heterogeneity. To date, there is no effective protocol that is equally suitable for the induction of embryogenesis in different B. rapa accessions.

Embryogenesis in an isolated microspore culture of the Brassica plants is subject to the timing of microspore development, pre-treatment of buds, composition of the nutrient medium (macro- and microelements, iron sources, organic additives, carbohydrates, growth regulators) and cultivation conditions. In addition, this process strongly depends on the genotype of the individual plant.

This review presents the main achievements in the development of protocols for obtaining doubled haploids of B. rapa. Particular attention is paid to the factors influencing the efficiency of haploid production in the isolated microspore culture.

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