Development of an Integrated strategy for cultivar gene pool registration in Genebanks – improving methods of genetic certification and cultivar identification

Genetic certification of cultivars is important for confirming the authenticity of a cultivar and monitoring cultivar purity, preventing counterfeiting and, consequently, for protecting breeding achievements and protecting the rights of breeders, which are regulated at the international and national levels. An important aspect of developing genetic passports for cultivars is the choice, documentation and long-term preservation of the specimens used for DNA extraction. A new approach to solving these issues for vegetatively propagated agricultural crops was proposed at VIR in 2020 as part of the Integrated strategy for cultivar gene pool registration in Genebanks. The objectives of this strategy are: (a) registration of nomenclature standards for cultivars in accordance with the recommendations of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP) and transfer them for storage to the Herbarium of Cultivated Plants of the World, their Wild Relatives and Weeds (WIR); (b) development of genetic passports, molecular profiling of nomenclature standards; (c) preservation of live specimens genetically identical to nomenclaturе standards in duplicate in vitro- and cryo-collections. The results of solving these three problems for domestic potato cultivars are summarized and the prospects for their application are outlined. At the same time, VIR researchers, together with breeders from various regions of the Russian Federation, are carrying out large-scale work to create a collection of nomenclature standards for cultivars of various agricultural crops belonging to the families Solanaceae, Rosaceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Grossulariaceae and Brassicaceae. This collection includes 308 nomenclature standards, designed in accordance with the requirements of ICNCP, which are stored in the VIR Herbarium of Cultivated Plants of the World, their Wild Relatives and Weeds (WIR). Nomenclature standards are a priority for molecular profiling of cultivars of various crops.

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