New introgressive lines of spring barley, which were obtained on the basis of interspecific hybrids between Hordeum vulgare L. and H. bulbosum L.

Background. Involving alien genetic material of Hordeum bulbosum in the genome for the expansion of the genetic diversity of cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an important task because this species is characterized by a number of valuable traits. One of the ways of using the genetic potential of bulbous barley is the interspecific hybridization and the production of fertile introgression lines of H. vulgare on the basis of interspecific hybrids. The purpose of the study was to synthesize and study introgression lines (IL) of cultivated barley developed using interspecific hybrids with bulbous barley. Materials. H. vulgare ILs with alien introgressions were selected in generations from self-pollination of barley plants obtained by pollination of cultivated barley with partially fertile pollen of interspecific hybrids H. vulgare ‘Roland’ (2x) × H. bulbosum W851 (4x) (HvHbHb) and H. bulbosum I:632321 (4x) × H. vulgare ‘Borwina’ (4x) (HbHbHvHv). The study involved a total of 21 developed ILs with terminal introgression of bulbous barley genetic material in different chromosome arms, namely 1HL, 2HL, 3HS, 5HL, 1HL+3HS, 6HS. Methods. DNA-DNA in situ hybridization (FISH, GISH) was employed to detect and identify introgressions and analyze their retention during field reproduction. Plants of the lines were grown in the field without isolation of spikes. Characteristics of fertility and productivity of ILs (number of grains per spike, spike grain content (%), grain weight per spike, and 1000-kernel weight) were determined. Grain quality parameters, i.e. protein and crude fiber content, were determined as a percentage of the total dry weight of the grain using a non-destructive method of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Results. Based on interspecific hybrids, 21 cultivated barley ILs were created with terminal introgression of bulbous barley genetic material in chromosomes 1HL, 2HL, 3HS, 5HL, 6HS, and 1HL+3HS. All lines, like the parent cultivar, are characterized by closed flowering, and the lines retain their introgression in their progeny when grown in the field without isolation. Most of the ILs match cultivated barley in fertility and productivity. Among the ILs with terminal introgression on the long arm of chromosome 2HL, forms with varying fertility were identified. Spike grain content in these forms is associated with the size of the foreign introgression: ILs 2.1.2.2.2, 2.1.2.2.6 and 2.1.1.3.1.4 with an introgression of a size visually similar to the original, are characterized by low spike grain content (less than 22%). A decrease in the size of the terminal introgression leads to the restoration of fertility. Analysis of the grain quality of 18 cultivated barley lines showed a tendency towards an increase in the protein content in the grain of line 1.4.1.1 with an introgression on chromosome 3HS, as well as of lines 1.3.1 and 1.4.2.1 with two introgressions 1HL+3HS, compared to the original cultivar ‘Roland’. Conclusions. Twenty-one barley introgression lines with terminal introgressions on various chromosomes (1HL, 2HL, 3HS, 5HL, 6HS, and 1HL+3HS) were developed. Of these, 18 are highly fertile forms of barley, characterized by closed flowering and self-pollination, which ensures the retention of the introgressed foreign chromosome fragments in subsequent generations. For the ILs with an introgression on chromosome 2HL, a dependence of fertility on the size of the foreign terminal fragment was revealed. The ILs carrying a fragment of H. bulbosum genetic material in the terminal region of the short arm of chromosome 3H were found to have a higher grain protein content compared to the original cultivar ‘Roland’.

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